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Immunology > L2 > Flashcards

L2 Flashcards

1
Q

first two stages of immune response

A

prevention
awareness recognition

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2
Q

when a damaged cell is recognized by phagocytes, what happens?

A

targets newly exposed sugars

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3
Q

when a pathogen is recognized by phagocytes, what happens?

A

recognizes pathogen components - e.g. cell wall

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4
Q

what do complement receptors do?

A

recognize special proteins

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5
Q

what do lipid receptors do?

A

direct immune function / metabolism

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6
Q

what do scavenger receptors do?

A

bind low density lipoproteins, sialic acid

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7
Q

what do dectin-1 (beta glucan receptors) do?

A

binds b-glucan structures - c-type lectin r
anti fungal responses

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8
Q

what do mannose receptors do?

A

binds carbs

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9
Q

toll-like receptors are a family of ___

A

PRR - pattern recognition receptors

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10
Q

what do toll-like receptors do?

A

recognize highly conserved structures on pathogens called PAMPs and DAMPs

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11
Q

toll-like receptors are either ___ or ___ dimer pairs

A

homo
hetero

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12
Q

3 examples of PRR families

A

RLR - retinoic acid induble gene
CLR - c-type lectin receptors
NLR - nucleotide binding domain

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13
Q

what does RAGE do

A

recognize products of damage

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14
Q

what is the third stage of immune response

A

immediate response - innate immune system

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15
Q

phagocytosis steps

A

attachment
ingestion
killing
degredation

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16
Q

cytokine families

A

interleukins
intergerons
colony stimulating factors
tumour necrosis factor
chemokine

17
Q

what are chemokines

A

small cytokines - tell cells where to go in the body

18
Q

what are the main functions of cytokines

A

anti-viral

19
Q

cytokines can also be held in cells in ___ forms, that need to be activated

A

pro

20
Q

an example of a cytokine that is held in pro form - a rapid responding cytokine is:

A

IL1beta _ iL18

21
Q

oedema

A

fluid that accumulates from immune cells

22
Q

mast cells are an example of

A

granulocytes

22
Q

what are immediate mast cells products

A

histamine
heparin
enzymes

22
Q

what are delayed mast cell products

A

prostaglandins
leukotrienes
cytokines

23
Q

haptoglobulin

A

binds iron

24
Q

complement ___ cleaved to make __ and ___ = ____

A

C3
C3a
C3b
opsonin

25
Q

opsonin describe

A

sticky
sticks to pathogens and flags them
makes them ‘tastier’ for macrophages

26
Q

_____ are a good source for interferons

A

natural killer cells

27
Q

examples of innate immune cells

A

eosinophils
basophils
innate lymphoid cells
dendritic cells

Immunology (8 decks)

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