L32: Disease blood vessels and lymphatics Flashcards
Which vessels are most vulnerable to compression, occlusion, invasion etc?
veins and lymphatics
How is the inner half of the BV wall supplied with O2?
blood from lumen supplies via vasa vasorum
How does vascular smooth muscle cells respond to a sustained inc in BP or vol?
inc work load= hypertrophy/ hyperplasia sometimes
What are myointimal cells
the pores in the internal elastic lamina of the sub endothelial layer
What is arteriosclerosis
hardening of arteries, luminal narrowing, loss of elasticity
What is atherosclerosis?
significant lipid deposition + fatty degeneration of vessel wall
What is an atheroma
a fibrofatty plaque, core of lipid covered with fibrous cap
What is a fatty streak
soft, smooth, non elevated lipid-rich intimal degenerative plaque
What does arteriosclerosis look like grossly?
raised, thickened, wrinkled intimal + flat white plaques
What domestic animals commonly develop atherosclerosis
piggies
high cholesterol diet
Dogs due to Dz –> persistent hypercholesterolaemia (e.g. diabetes, hypothyroidism)
What is hyaline degeneration of arterioles ?
deposition of collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, amyloid in tunica intimal
What is fibrinoid change of arteries?
extracellular degenerative change > injury to endothelium > fibrin accumulates from plasma > coagulation
Why would dystrophic mineralisation occur in a domestic animals?
deposition of mineral e.g. calcium in necrotised tissue
What would metastatic mineralisation occur in an amimas
deposition of mineral in viable tissues due to increased serum conc of Ca/ PO3-
What is an aneurysm?
localised abnormal dilation BV
What is a dissecting aneurysm
blood dissects b/w layers of tunica media to create cavity
What is vasculitis
inflammation of vessels
What is arteritis
inflam of arteries
What is phlebitis
inflammation veins
What is lymphangitis
inflam of lymphatics
Why might vasculitis occur?
endothelium damaged, toxaemia, deposition immune complexes, FIP, lactic acididosi, heart worms
What are potential consequences of vasculitis
oedema, haemorrhage, thrombosis
Was is verminous arteritis?
Artery inflammation caused by parasite
e. g. heart worm @ pulmonary artery
e. g. Strongylus vulgars @ cranial mesenteric arter horse
what is steroid-responsive meningeal arteritis?
immune mediated polyarteritis in beagles, boxers, pointers
what is polyarteritis nodos?
severe nodular necrotising inflammation
what is thrombophlebitis
phlebitis that leads to thrombosis
What are some bacterial agents that commonly cause lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, lymphedema?
woody tongue
cheesy gland
What is plebectasia
vein dilation
What is the difference between primary and secondary lymphedema
primary= anomalous development of system secondary= obstruction
what is chylothorax
lymph formed in the digestive system called chyle accumulating in the pleural cavity due to either disruption or obstruction of the thoracic duct
