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biology final > L30 > Flashcards

L30 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is Griffith conclusion ?

A

Some heat sensitive substance in the heat-killed pathogenic S strain which transformed the ‘R’ strain to ‘S’ pathogenic strain
• This substance was called as “transforming factor”
• However, the transforming factor was not identified

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2
Q

what is Avery conclusion ?

A

Transformation could be due to protein • Therefore, it required further confirmation to
establish that DNA is genetic material

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3
Q

WHAT does Hershey and Chase use in their experiment ?

A

they use bacteriophage

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4
Q

radioactive phosphate is for ?

A

DNA

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5
Q

radioactive sulfur is for ?

A

protein

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6
Q

what is Hershery and chase experiment steps ?

A

1-radioactive label [ phosphate for DNA and sulfur for protein]
2- infection [ they infect bacteriophage inside the bacteria ]
3-blend to detach virus [مزيج لفصل الفيروس عن البكتريا عشان ما يكون لازق فيه ]
4- Centrifuge to separate virus from bacteria
5-Measure radio label
الفيروس كثافته اقل فيكون فوق والبكتريا تكون تحت بالpellet ويشوفون بما انه الDNA تتحت فاكبد it the genetic material

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7
Q

what is Hershey & Chase: summary & conclusions?

A

32P labeled DNA was detected inside the cells
• While the 32S protein was detected outside the cells
• The P32 labeled DNA has complete information to replicate and form the viral progeny
• DNA is the genetic material

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8
Q

what is the building blocks of DNA ?

A

nucleotides

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9
Q

true or false

there are 3 type of nucleotides in DNA

A

false

there are 4 type

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10
Q

what is the Building blocks of nucleotides ? 3 component

A

Nitrogenous bases + Pentose sugar +phosphate

they contain just five elements [ C ,H,O,N,P]

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11
Q

Adenine and Guanine are purines or pyrimidines ?

A

purines

pyrimidines are Cytosine and Thymidine

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12
Q

Four nucleotides collectively called as?

A

deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTPs)

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13
Q

what is the difference between nucleotide and nucleoside?

A

necleotide has three 3 components

nucleoside have inly 2 they are like nucleotide bet without phosphate group

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14
Q

what is the difference between purine and pyrimidine ?

A

There are two purines: Adenine (A) & Guanine (G)

• A purine has a double ring structure

  • There are two pyrimidines: Thymine (T) & Cytosine (C)
  • A pyrimidine has a single ring
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15
Q

instead of thymine RNA has ?

A

Uracil [U]

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16
Q

1C in Deoxyribose sugar attach to a base by ?

A

glycosidic bond

17
Q

2C in DNA has OH or H ?

A

only H in DNA

in RNA in 2C it attach to OH

18
Q

true or false

3C is attach to OH in both DNA and RNA

A

TRUE

19
Q

X’C is attached to a ‘P’ group

what is X ?

A

5C

20
Q

3’ -OH & 5’ P in different nucleotides form?

A

phosphodiester bond

21
Q

Deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) serves as ?

A

serves as the substrate for DNA synthesis

22
Q

DNA backbone is made of X connected by Y

what are X and Y ?

A 
X= sugar phosphate 
Y= phosphodester bond [ 3'OH and 5'P ]
23
Q

• A base is connected to the pentose [ sugar] by ?

A

glycosidic bond

24
Q

true or false
There is no bonding between the adjacent bases
• A DNA strand has two ends: 3’ end- carries a free -OH group 5’ end- carries a free P group
• DNA is written and synthesized
in 5’  3’ direction

A

true

25
Q

true or false

DNA has 2 strands and parallel ?

A

false

DNA has 2 strands and antiparallel

26
Q

the 2 strands of DNA are ?

A

The two strands are complementary: A = T by two H-bonds C = G by three H-bonds
• This is called base pairing rule given by E Chargaff
• Both strands are stabilized by
H-bonds

27
Q

what is the 3 function of DNA ?

A

Storage of genetic information[حفظ, • Maintaining integrity of genetic information (repair)اصلاح
• Transmission of genetic information نقل

28
Q

A model that explains these functions of DNA was proposed by Watson & Crick known as?

A

Watson and Crick model of DNA

29
Q

Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins studied DNA structure using WHAT
in 1951?

A

X-ray crystallography

30
Q

in 1950: E. Chargaff discovered?

A

base pairing rule

31
Q

Bases being hydrophobic are located inside the?

A

inside the helix

32
Q

IMP info
bases are buried inside
the helix is stabilized by H bond

A

;)

biology final (17 decks)

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