L2

Question 1

Axial skeleton review:

Answer 1

Skull, Vertebral column, and pelvis
-provides anchorage to the appendicular skeleton and protects vital organs
Vertebral column: Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacrum, Coccyx
Pelvis: Ilium (2 elephant bones), Ischium (2 sit bones), Pubis (2 inner bones)

Question 2

Upper Appendicular Skeleton Review

Answer 2

Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius and Ulna, Carpals (8 in wrist), Metacarpals (5 palm bones), Phalanges (14 fingers)

Question 3

Lower Appendicular Skeleton Review

Answer 3

Femur, Patella, Tibia and Fibula, Tarsal (7 ankle and foot bones), Metatarsals (5 forefoot), Phalanges (14 toes)

Question 4

Intersection of bones develop what?

Answer 4

Articulations
-the motion observed occurs at the joint, not within the segments

Question 5

Linear Motion

Answer 5

Examination of the motion of the centre of gravity or the path of a projected object

Question 6

Angular Motion

Answer 6

Of the body, an object, or a segment can take place around an axis running through a joint, a centre of gravity, or about an external axis

Question 7

3 Types of Joints

Answer 7

Diarthrodial (synovial)
Synoarthrodial (fibrous)
Amphiathrodial (cartilaginous)

Question 8

Diarthrodial (synovial) Joints

Answer 8

Low friction, high resistance to wear and tear
Types: Plane/ gliding. Hinge, Pivot, Condylar, Ellipsoid, Saddle, Ball and Socket
Stability can be provided by the structure, surrounding ligaments, capsule, tendons, gravity

Question 9

Joint Positions: Closed vs Loose packed positions

Answer 9

Closed: maximum contact between surfaces, maximum compression, forces travel through the joint -ex) full extension of knee

Loose: all other joint positions, less contact area between surfaces

Question 10

Synoarthrodial (fibrous) Joints

Answer 10

Bones held together by fibrous articulations
-allows for little or no movement
Ex) sutures in skull

Question 11

Amphiarthrodial (cartilaginous) Joints

Answer 11

Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage holds joints together
-little movement
Ex) in vertebral discs

Question 12

Simple, Compound, Complex joints

Answer 12

Simple: two articulating surfaces ex) Hip
Compound: three or more articulating surfaces ex) Wrist
Complex: two surfaces with articulated disc or fibrocartilage ex) Knee

Question 13

Anterior vs Posterior Tilt

Answer 13

Anterior anterior movement of the iliac crest
Posterior: posterior movement of the iliac crest

Question 14

Acetabulofemoral Articulation

Answer 14

Femur and Pelvis (hip)

Question 15

Knee (Tibiofemoral) Joint

Answer 15

Femur, Tibia

Question 16

Foot and Ankle Joints

Answer 16

Subtalur: talus and calcaneus (dorsi, plantar)
Talocrural: talus, fibula, fibula (Dorsi, Plantar)
Talonavicular: talus and navicular (inv. eversion)
Calcaneocuboid: cuboid and calcaneus (Inv. Eversion)

Question 17

Metatarsophalangeal Joints

Answer 17

Metatarsals and proximal phalanx
-flex ion, extension, abduction and adduction

Question 18

Interphalangeal Joints

Answer 18

Distal, intermediate, and proximal phalanx
-flexion, extension