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REN > L16: Shock > Flashcards

L16: Shock Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of shock

A

Failure of the circulation to deliver oxygenated blood to meet tissue requirements

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2
Q

What can a reduction of blood flow to the tissues lead to

A

Ishcaemia

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3
Q

What is ischaemia

A

Death of tissue cells

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4
Q

Which 2 vital organs cannot go without a blood supply

A

Brain

Heart

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5
Q

What happens when we have inadequate oxygen delivery describe the process involved

A

1) inadequate oxygen leads to anaerobic metabolism
2) lactic acid is produced which ends to metabolic acidosis and contributes to cell death
3) inadequate energy production leads to metabolic failure and contributes to cells death

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6
Q

How do we measure oxygen delivery to tissue in clinical practise

A

Lactate

Urinary output

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7
Q

What does lactate indicate

A

Anaerobic metabolism

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8
Q

What happens to urinary output in shock

A

Decreases

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9
Q

What 2 things determine how much oxygen is supplied to the tissue

A

How much o2 is dissolved in the blood

Cardiac output

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10
Q

In the blood where does oxygen bind to

A

Haemoglobin

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11
Q

How can we increase the oxygen supply to hb

A

Give the patient oxygen via a mask

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12
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output

A

CO= HR X SV

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13
Q

What is stroke volume determines by

A

Preload/venous return

Starlings law

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14
Q

What does the starlings law describe

A

As the EDV increases the SV increases

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15
Q

What is the afterload

A

The resistance the heart has to work against

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16
Q

In shock what does the afterload have to be like

A

Less

17
Q

What are the 3 types of shock

A

Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic
Distributive

18
Q

What are the causes of hypovolemic shock

A

Haemorrhage

19
Q

How does haemorrhage affect the stroke volume

A

Decreases preload

20
Q

What are the causes of cardiogenic shock

A 
CHF
ACS
Dysrhythmia 
Valve defect 
Cardiac tamponade
21
Q

How does the causes of cardiogenic shock affect the stroke volume

A

Decreases inotropy/contractility

22
Q

What are the causes of disruptive shock

A

Sepsis
Throtoxicosis
Anaphylaxis
Neurogenic

23
Q

How does the causes of disruptive shock decrease the stroke volume

A

Increases afterload

24
Q

Why do we get a reduced urine output in shock

A

Secretion of ADH so water is reabsorbed

Activation of RAAS due to reduced blood volume

25
Q

What does irreversible shock lead to

A

Failure of vital organ and then death

26
Q

What are the 3 steps in treating shock

A

Recognise shock
Treat the underlying cause
Support body to maintain oxygen supply to tissue

REN (19 decks)

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