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REN > L03a: Body Fluids > Flashcards

L03a: Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 ways out excreting water

A

Lungs
Skin
Urine
Faeces

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2
Q

What are the compartments of water

A 
Plasma water 
Intracellular 
Interstitial 
Transcellular 
Fat
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3
Q

What site is the extracellular fluid found

A

Plasma water
Intersitial
Fat

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4
Q

How does water move from the plasma water

A

1) ingested into the plasma
2) passes to intersitial space
3) can cross to intracellular compartment
4) then to transcellular if possible

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5
Q

Where is most of the water found

A

Intracellular compartment

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6
Q

What is the total body fluid of an average 70kg person

A

42 litres

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7
Q

List the largest to smallest water depending on its compoartmwern

A

Intracellular
Interstitial
Plasma
Transcellular

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8
Q

What are the examples of transcellular compartments

A

Peritoneal space
CSF
Pleural cavity
Synovial fluid

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9
Q

How to we measure body fluid

A

Volume of distribution

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10
Q

How do we carry out volume of distribution

A

Inject a known amount of drug

Then measure its concentration in plasma

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11
Q

What is the volume of distribution equation

A

VD= known amount injected/ concentration in plasma

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12
Q

What happens to the volume of distribution if the concentration of a drug is higher outside the plasma

A

Volume of distribution is higher

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13
Q

How to we measure total body water

A 
We used labelled water 
Inject a volume volume 
Allow it to equilibrate 
Take a blood sample
Measure normal water to labelled water ratio
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14
Q

What does blood contain

A

Plasma: the fluid component of blood
Haematocrit: cells in the blood

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15
Q

What are substances are in body fluids

A 
Sodium 
Potassium 
Calcium 
Chloride
Bicarbonate 
Glucose
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16
Q

Which ion is the highest intracellular

A

Potassium

17
Q

Which ion is the highest extracellular

A

Sodium

Chloride

18
Q

What happens to half of the calcium when it is the circulation

A

Binds to albumin

19
Q

How do we measure the free calcium (the half of the calcium not bound to albumin)

A

Calculate a corrected calcium concentration

20
Q

What is an osmole

A

The number of molecules that a compound dissociated into when in dissolved solution

21
Q

What is unit of osmole represented as

A

Osm or osmol

22
Q

If there is 100 millimol of sodium chloride what would its miliosmole be in solution

A

200 mOsm

23
Q

Why is the mili osmole of sodium chloride not 100 but 200

A

Because sodium chloride which is one molecule dissociates into 2 molecules of na+ and cl- so there is 200 mOsm of sodium chloride in solution

24
Q

What is the mili osmole of 4 mmol of glucose in solution

A

4mosm because glucose does not dissociate in solution

25
Q

What is the definition of osmolality

A

The number of osmoles per unit mass of solvent

26
Q

What is the unit of osmolality

A

Osm per kg

27
Q

What is osmolarity

A

The number of osmoles per unit volume of solution

28
Q

What is the unit of osmolarity

A

Osm per litre

29
Q

What is osmotic pressure

A

The pressure that occurs between 2 solutions with different molecules = osmotic pressure

30
Q

What happens to water when there is a compartment with high solutes

A

Water moves to that compartment by osmotic pressure

31
Q

What does it mean if 2 solutions are isosmotic

A

They share the same osmolality

32
Q

What does it mean if a solution is isotonic

A

There will not be a net fluid movement usually in RBC

33
Q

What is oncotic pressure

A

The pressure generated by proteins that draws water

34
Q

What is the hydrostatic pressure

A

The pressure generated by the heart

35
Q

What does osmotic pressure cause

A

Draws water towards it

36
Q

What is the emergency treatment for intracrainal haemorrhage

A

Inject mannitol

37
Q

How does mannitol draw water from the intracellular and transcellular space to reduce intracrainal pressure

A

Mannitol in the plasma increases osmolality and osmotic pressure
Water is drawn into the plasma from the intracellular and transcellular space

REN (19 decks)

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