Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

REN > L13a: Acid Base Regulation > Flashcards

L13a: Acid Base Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important buffer in the body to regulate pH

A

Bicarbonate buffer (HCO3-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the normal values of ph

A

7.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the normal values for pc02

A

5.3kpa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the normal values for bicarbonate

A

24 mM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Write down the bicarbonate buffer equation that

A

H+ + HCO3- = H20 + CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When can we get hydrogen produced

A

ATP hydrolysis
Ketones production in diabetes
Ingestion of acids
Anaerobic respiration when we produce lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When we get hydrogen ion production what form is it removed in through exhalation

A

Carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do we get the production of co2 when hydrogen ions are formed

A

The bicarbonate buffer reacts with hydrogen ions to give carbon dioxide and water

H+ + HC03- = H20 + CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to bicarbonate in the buffer

A

Lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do we replace the lost bicarbonate after the buffer system

A

Reabsorb bicarbonate in the nephron

Produce bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do we reabsorb bicarbonate in the nephron

A

Proximal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the channel that are involved in the proximal tubule to absorb bicarbonate

A

1) water and carbon dioxide react with carbonic anhydrase to form hydrogen ions and bicarbonate
2) hydrogen leaves via the sodium/hydorgen exchanger
3) bicarbonate ion is reabsorbed by the 3HC03-/NA+ cotransporter
3) hydrogen in the lumen reacts with the bicarbonate ion (to become reabsorbed) and form water and carbon dioxide
3) water and carbon dioxide that is in the cell reacts with CA to form HC03- and they hydrogen ion to be repeated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why will excess bicarbonate ions not become reabsorbed

A

The 3HCO3-/NA+ exchanger can only work at a certain rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can we produce bicarbonate

A

When the source of co2 is form the vasa recta rather than the filtrate (unlike reabsorption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Apart from the secretion of hydrogen ions form the PT where else in the nephron can hydrogen be secreted

A

Distal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which transporters secrete hydrogen ions

A

Hydorgen/potassium ATPase

Hydorgen ATPase

17
Q

When we have an acidic urine what can buffer the hydrogen ions

A

Hyodgren Phosphate ions

18
Q

When hydrogen phosphate ions buffer with hydrogen ion in the filtrate what are the 2 common products it produces

A

HPO42-

H2P04

19
Q

When there is excess hydrogen ions in the urine what other way can we buffer hydogren ion

A

In the form of ammonium

20
Q

Write the down buffer equation between hydogren and ammonium

A

NH3 + H+ = NH4+

21
Q

Where does the source of ammonium come from

A

When glutamine in converted to glutamic acid ammonia is released

22
Q

What are the 4 common acid base disorders

A

Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis

23
Q

In these disorder what represents the hydrogen ion

A

Carbon dioxide

24
Q

Why is the carbon dioxide seen as the hydrogen ion

A

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to from hydrogen ion and bicarbonate
Hydrogen ions can change the pH

25
Q

What are the causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

High ph due to low hydrogen ions caused by hyperventilation as there is less co2 to react with water to form H+

26
Q

What are the causes of respiratory acidosis

A

Low ph due to an increase in H+ when you hypo-ventilate because carbon dioxide remains in the plasma to react with water to form h+

27
Q

How does the body compensate for respiratory alkalosis

A

metabolic compensation by
Decrease reabsorption of bicarbonate
Reduce production of bicarbonate

28
Q

How does the body compensate for respiratory acidosis

A

Metabolic
Increase the reabsorption of bicarbonate
Increase the production of bicarbonate

29
Q

What is the cause of metabolic alkalosis

A

Ph has decreased due to:

Vomiting

30
Q

How does the body compensate for metabolic alkalosis

A

Increases the production of hydrogen ion by hypoventilating

31
Q

What are the causes of metabolic acidosis

A

Renal failure
Ketone production in diabetes
Diarrhoea

32
Q

How does the body compensate for metabolic acidosis

A

Decrease hydrogen ion by hyperventilating

REN (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions