Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

REN > L13: Acid Base Regulation > Flashcards

L13: Acid Base Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What happens in renal failure to the acid base regulation

A

Patients become acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is ph normally maintained by in the kidney

A

By bicarbonate which buffers in the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is hydrogen ion produced

A

ATP is hydrolysed
During anaerobic respiration with production of lactate
During production of ketones in diabetes mellitus
During ingestion of acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does hydrogen ions become removed

A

By reacting with hco3- iosn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the reaction of hco3- and h+ ions result in

A

Carbon dioxide and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is hco3- replaced when it is lost through the production of water and co2

A

Hco3- becomes reabsorbed in the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which part of the nephron reabsorbs hco3-

A

The proximal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the involvement of channels in the proximal tubule

A

1) Sodium and hydrogen exchanger brings in sodium and removes hydrogen ions
2) hydrogen ions within the filtrate react with hco3- to form water and carbon dioxide
3) water and carbon dioxide diffuse into the cells and dissociate back into hydrogen ions and hco3-
4) bicarbonate ions leave into the cortical interstitial space by the 3hco3-/na+ cotransporter in the basolateral membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Do we absorbs hco3- when it is excess

A

No it is lost in the filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is hco3- lost in the filtrate when it is excess

A

Because the sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter can only work at a certain rate therefore is becomes rate limited and lost in the filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If lots of hco3- is lost in the filtrate how do we replace this

A

By producing it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is bicarbonate produced

A

In the proximal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When is hco3- made

A

When carbon dioxide enters the cells in the proximal tubule from the vasa recta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the vasa recta

A

The blood vessels that surround the loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe how the production of hco3- occurs

A

1) carbon dioxide enters the cells in the proximal tubule from the vasa recta
2) carbon dioxide and water react to form h2co3 via carbonic anhydrase
3) h2co3 dissociates to form hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
4) hydrogen leaves into the filtrate by the sodium/hydrogen exchanger
5) bicarbonate leaves into the cortical interstitial space through the basolateral membrane by the sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the other wats of regulating hydrogen ions

A

Secreting them in the distal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is hydrogen ions secreted in the distal tubule

A

By the:
Hydrogen/pottasium ATPase
Hydrogen ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is phosphate present

A

In the circulation

19
Q

Does phosphate become filtered into the filtrate

A

Yes

20
Q

If phosphate becomes filtered what can it do to hydrogen ions

A

Buffer it

21
Q

What happens to phosphate when it reacts with hydrogen ions

A

Becomes
HPO4^2-
H2PO4-
H3PO4

22
Q

What are the common forms of phosphate fond in the urine and plasma when it reacts with hydrogen

A

HPO4^2-

H2PO4-

23
Q

Which is the most common form of phosphate and hydrogen in the urine

A

H2PO4-

24
Q

How is ammonium ions produced

A

By the conversion of glutamine to glutamic acid

25
Q

What is ammonium

A

NH4+

26
Q

What does ammonium ions carry

A

An extra hydrogen ion out of the body

27
Q

What are the 4 main types of acid base disorders

A

Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis

28
Q

What is the cause of respiratory acidosis

A

Hypoventilation

29
Q

What happens in hypoventilation that causes acidosis

A

As you hypoventilation you cannot expel the carbon dioxide produced by the cells
Carbon dioxide builds up and reacts with water to from hydrogen and bicarbonate ions

30
Q

In respiratory acidosis what happens to the body

A

Increases the production of HCO3- to compensate and return ph to normal

31
Q

What is a cause of respiratory alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation

32
Q

How does hyperventilation cause alkolosis

A

Carbon dioxide levels go down as you breathe more of it out

So hydrogen levels goes down (leads to alkalosis)

33
Q

How does the body compensate for respiratory alkalosis

A

Kidney decreases the production of hco3- to return ph back to normal

34
Q

What are the causes of metabolic acidosis

A 
Anything acidic other than respiratory :
Renal failure 
Lactic acidosis 
Ketoacidosis 
Poisoning
35
Q

What happens in metabolic acidosis

A

Hydrogen ions goes up and hco3- levels go down as they react together
Or
Hco3- goes down by itself

36
Q

How does the body compensate for metabolic acidosis

A

Cns increases ventilation rate
This decreases carbon dioxide as you breathe more of it out
Less hydrogen ions remain in the body as it reacts with hco3- to give water and carbon dioxide

37
Q

What are the causes of metabolic alkalosis

A

Vomiting

Contraction alkalosis

38
Q

What happens in metabolic alkalosis

A

Hydrogen ions goes down so hc03- rises
Or
Hco30 goes up

39
Q

How does the body compensate for metabolic alkalosis

A

Cns decreases ventilation to increase carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide react with water to give hydrogen ions

40
Q

What is the differential diagnosis of metabolic acidosis by

A

Anion gap

41
Q

How do we measure anion gap

A

[na+]-[cl-]-[hco3-]

42
Q

What is the normal range for a normal anion gap

A

3-11

43
Q

What does an increase in anion gap suggest

A

High concentration of anions that are not being measured

44
Q

Which anions are not being measured in the anion gap

A

Ketones
Lactate
Sulfate,phosphate, urate, hippurate
Aspiring overdose

REN (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions