L14

Question 1

…. gives adrenal extracts to … to test on Dog. Blood Pressure. Year 1893 London, UCL
Discovery of …

Answer 1

George Oliver (from Harrogate)

Edward Schaefer (Professor of Physiology at
UCL)

Adrenaline

Question 2

Who has coined the term Hormone?

Answer 2

Starling and Bayliss

Question 3

…. discover…. (in dog) London 1905

Answer 3

Starling and Bayliss (Physiology, UCL)

secretin

Question 4

Gives 13 year old dying boy …..;
Boy recovers – discovery of ….
Toronto 1922

Answer 4

pancreatic extract

INSULIN

Question 5

ADRENAL GLAND controls with cortisol (4):

Answer 5

Blood glucose regulation

protein turnover

survival in the time of stress (with adrenaline as well)

Modulation of tissue response in injury and infection

Question 6

ADRENAL GLAND controls with aldosterone (1):

Answer 6

Na and K balance

Question 7

Function of cortisol (2):

Answer 7

[1] to raise blood glucose by regulating metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats (protein to glycogen)

[2] Adaption to stress-immunosuppresive, antiallergic,
anti-inflammatory

Question 8

Too much cortisol (4):

Answer 8

(Cushing’s syndrome)
Redistribution of body fat
Wasting of muscle
Hyperglycemia

Question 9

Too much cortisol due to (5):

Answer 9

1) increased output of ACTH
2) hypersecretion of CRH
3) lung tumours often produce ACTH
4) patients with chronic inflammatory disorders
5) receiving treatment with corticosteroids

Question 10

Medulla is composed of …. –

Answer 10

Chromaffin Cells

Question 11

Chromaffin Cells -

Answer 11

sympathetic postganglionic neurons in medulla.

Question 12

The Chromaffin cells are filled with granules containing …
Granules secrete by exocytosis

Answer 12

The cells are filled with granules containing adrenaline, ATP, opioid peptides.

Question 13

NORADRENALINE - inna nazwa…

ADRENALINE - inna nazwa…

Answer 13

Norepinephrine

epinephrine

Question 14

Adrenergic receptors are GPCR

Answer 14

j

Question 15

Adrenergic receptors in noradrenaline:

+ subtypes:

Answer 15

a-adrenergic
a1 a2, b1

a- alpha, b- beta

Question 16

Adrenergic receptors in adrenaline:

+ subtypes:

Answer 16

b-adrenergic
b1 b2 b3
b- beta

Question 17

Actions of catecholamines dla reakcji:
b — > cAMP

1) Metabolic
2) Cardiovascular
3) Visceral

Answer 17

1) Glycogenolysis
Lipolysis

2) Heart rate up
Cardiac contractility

3) Muscle relaxation in GI tract
Urinary
Bronchial

Question 18

Actions of catecholamines dla reakcji:
a — > PLC

1) Metabolic
2) Cardiovascular
3) Visceral

Answer 18

1) Gluconeogenesis (liver)
2) BP increased

3) Sweating
Dilation of pupils

Question 19

CORTISOL - na metabolizm jak wpływa

Answer 19

protein and fat breakdown to have building blocks to make glucose

Question 20

GROWTH HORMONE - na metabolizm jak wpływa

Answer 20

changes energy usage from carbohydrates to fats

Question 21

GLUCAGON and ADRENALINE - na metabolizm jak wpływa

Answer 21

actions on liver to mobilise glucose by breakdown of glycogen and stimulate the synthesis of glucose

Question 22

During starvation, hormones levels of Glucagon, cortisol, GH ….

Answer 22

rise

All these hormones opposes the effects of Insulin

Question 23

Glycogenolysis -

Answer 23

breakdown of glycogen

Question 24

Gluconeogenesis -

Answer 24

synthesis of glucose from fatty acids etc

Question 25

Lipolysis -

Answer 25

breakdown of fats (produces fatty acids)

Question 26

Only a single hormone can decrease plasma Glucose

levels – this is ….

Answer 26

Insulin

Question 27

60% β cells -stores …

25% α cells - stores …

15% Δ cells - stores …

Answer 27

insulin

glucagon

somatostatin

Question 28

Islets - …% of pancreatic mass

Answer 28

2%

Question 29

Actions of Insulin:

Answer 29

1. Uptake of glucose, amino acids by muscle and adipose tissue
2. Storage of fuels- stimulates synthesis of triglycerides,
   proteins and glycogen

Question 30

Consequently:

1) Insulin lowers ….

2) Resting levels of glucose is …
3) After a meal the concentration will rise to

High Glucose stimulates ….

Answer 30

1) blood glucose levels
2) 5.6mM (1mg/ml)
3) 7-8mM

INSULIN RELEASE