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PHOL1001 > L12 > Flashcards

L12 Flashcards

1
Q

The word hormone was coined by …. in 1905.

A

Ernest Henry Starling

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2
Q

…. discovered Secretin in 1902 at UCL.

A

Bayliss and Starling

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3
Q

Podaj hormon i funkcję tkanki: pancreas

A

insulin, glucagon

glucose metabolism

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4
Q

Podaj hormon i funkcję tkanki: kidneys

A

renin - blood pressur (BP)
erythropoeitin - red cell production
vitamin D3 - plasma calcium

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5
Q

Podaj hormon i funkcję tkanki: liver

A

insulin-like Growth Factors (IGF-I and IGF-II)

growth

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6
Q

Podaj hormon i funkcję tkanki: heart

A

Atrial Natriuretic factor (ANF)

Na excretion by kidneys

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7
Q

Podaj hormon i funkcję tkanki: Fat cells

A

Leptin

regulates appetite

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8
Q

Podaj hormon i funkcję tkanki: Gastro-Intestinal Tract

A

Gastrin, Secretin, Cholecystokinin

digestive processes

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9
Q

HORMONES regulate:

A

1] Growth, development of physical, sexual and mental characteristics

2] Utilization of nutrients by cells

3] Adjustment of salt and water balance

4] Metabolic Rate

5] Dealing with Stress

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10
Q

HORMONES regulate 1] Growth, development of physical, sexual

and mental characteristics by hormones:

A

(Growth Hormone, thyroid hormones, testosterone /,estrogens)

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11
Q

HORMONES regulate 2] Utilization of nutrients by cells by hormones

A

(insulin, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone,

adrenaline)

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12
Q

HORMONES regulate 3] Adjustment of salt and water balance by hormones

A

(aldosterone, vasopressin (ADH), Atrial Naturiatic Factor (ANF))

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13
Q

HORMONES regulate 4] Metabolic Rate by hormones

A

(thyroid Hormones)

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14
Q

HORMONES regulate 5] Dealing with Stress by hormones

A

(Cortisol, adrenaline)

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15
Q

2 types of Hormones

A

Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic

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16
Q

Hydrophilic hormones:

cell entrance:

hormone storage:

examples:

A

will not enter cells and so has to bind to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS

Receptors are INTEGRAL
membrane proteins

Hormones can be stored in
secretory granules/vesicles

e.g adrenaline, Growth Hormone
vasopressin

17
Q

Hydrophobic hormones:

cell entrance:

hormone storage:

examples:

A

Will enter cells and RECEPTOR is a SOLUBLE PROTEIN inside the cytoplasm and can enter nucleus

Hormones cannot be stored and are synthesised on demand

e.g estrogens thyroid hormones T3 or Vitamin D3

18
Q

The response of a cell to a hormone is determined by …

The more …, the higher the response.

A

the number of Receptors.
the receptors

Receptor number is regulated ! You can down regulate or up regulate receptor number.

19
Q

… (3) residues in proteins can by phosphorylated by ATP.

Phosphorylation can change the ‘activity’ status of the protein. e.g. an enzyme can be ‘activated’ or ‘deactivated’ .

A

Serine, threonine and tyrosine

20
Q

Phosphorylated proteins are dephosphorylated by enzymes called ….

A

phosphatases

21
Q

Hormones such as:
(3)….
bind to their cell surface receptors and stimulate tyrosine kinase activity

A

INSULIN
GROWTH HORMONE
PROLACTIN

22
Q

Rozwiń skrót: GnRH

A

Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone

23
Q

Rozwiń skrót: GHRH

A

Growth Hormone RH

24
Q

Rozwiń skrót: TRH

A

Thryotrophin RH

25
Q

Rozwiń skrót: CRH

A

Corticotrophin RH

26
Q

Rozwiń skrót: FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone

27
Q

Rozwiń skrót: LH

A

luteinizing hormone

28
Q

Rozwiń skrót: TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

29
Q

Rozwiń skrót: ACTH

A

adrenocorticotrophin

30
Q

Rozwiń skrót: PRP

A

prolactin releasing peptide

31
Q

Rozwiń skrót: IGF

A

insulin like Growth Factor

32
Q

Rozwiń skrót: T3/T4

A

Thyroid Hormones

33
Q

Which proteins (3) are Glycoproteins made of two subunits - alpha and beta subunits

A

FSH
LH
TSH

FSH, TSH, LH are glycoproteins
(T1/2 (half life) therefore longer)

34
Q

The Ant. pituitary synthesises and secretes 6 hormones which are stored in specific cells:

A 
GH -stored in Somatotrophs
Prolactin- stored in Lactotrophs
FSH/LH -stored in gonadotrophs
ACTH -stored in corticotrophs
TSH - stored in thyrotrophs
35
Q

These hormones activate G-protein-coupled receptors and may use 2 pathways: (8)

A 
TRH - 3 amino acids (a tripeptide)
GnRH - 10 amino acids
GHRH - 44 amino acids
CRH - 41 amino acids
ACTH -39 amino acids

FSH, TSH, LH

36
Q

Hormones that activate G-protein-coupled receptors will use either….. (second messenger, …) or …. (second messengers, …. )

A

the adenylate cyclase pathway
cAMP

the phospholipase C pathway
IP3 and DAG derived from PIP2

37
Q

These hormones are NOT GPCR; : (3) …

They work via regulation of …

A

Prolactin
GH
IGF-1

tyrosine phosphorylation

38
Q

Endocrine disorders – dysfunction of ….

A

signalling, either at Receptor, or G-protein level

PHOL1001 (27 decks)

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