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Block 8 Ellen > L1 pathway to men and women sex differences > Flashcards

L1 pathway to men and women sex differences Flashcards

1
Q

When is sex determined

A

at fertilisation

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2
Q

how many autosomes do all gametes carry

A

22

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3
Q

Men sex chromosome =

A

XY

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4
Q

Women sex chromosome=

A

XX

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5
Q

What is an oocyte

A

female gamete

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6
Q

what do all eggs contain

A

X

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7
Q

what is the male gamete called

A

spermatozoon

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8
Q

what sex chromosomes does the spermatozoon contain

A

X or Y (approx equal)

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9
Q

Which is the heterogametic sex

A

males

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10
Q

which is the homogamatic sex

A

females

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11
Q

Describe the Y chromosome

A

small

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12
Q

what is the sex-determining area of the Y gene

A

SRY

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13
Q

XXsxr=

A

sex reversal

exhibit primary and secondary male characteristics

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14
Q

XY-females=

A

exhibit primary and secondary female characteristics bc missing/ mutated SRY box

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15
Q

Where does the embryonic gonad develop from

A

genital ridge primordia

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16
Q

what embryonic tissue does the gonad develop from

A

mesoderm

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17
Q

what do gametes originate as

A

primordial germ cells (PGC)

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18
Q

where do the gametes migrate from

A

the hindgut

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19
Q

what embryonic germ layer are gametes derived from

A

epiblast

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20
Q

what is the first wave of migration

A

primordial germ cells

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21
Q

where have the primordial germs cells migrated to after 30 days post fertilisation

A

developing kidneys

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22
Q

what is the second wave of migration

A

coelomic

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23
Q

what causes the sex differentiation

A

the coelomic epithelium migration into the cortex of the developing gonad

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24
Q

when the gonads first appear in fetus they are________

A

indetermined in sex

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25
Q

In females the cortex

A

develops into an ovary

26
Q

in females the medulla

A

degenerates

27
Q

in males the medulla

A

develops into testies

28
Q

in male the cortex

A

degenerates

29
Q

where is the SRY gene important

A

coelomic epithelia (developing sex cords)

30
Q

the gonads form 2 mesenchymal knots

A

either side of the dorsal aorta

31
Q

where does the coelomic epithelia proliferate and penetrate into

A

medullary mesenchyme surrounding the primordial germ cells

32
Q

what are the primordial germ cells cord later in development

A

prospermatogonia cells

33
Q

what cells do the prospermatogonia form

A

sertoli cell

34
Q

What are the sex cords like in the females

A

lack defined structure

35
Q

In females what do the PGCs become

A

oogonia

36
Q

what do oognia become

A

granulosa

37
Q

what is the third wave of migration

A

mesonephric primordia

38
Q

mesonephric primordia in the male develops into

A

leydig cells
vascular tissue
myoid cells

39
Q

mesoephric primordia in the female develops into

A

teca cells

vascular tissue

40
Q

what deos mesonephric primordia is both males and females not express

A

SRY gene

41
Q

which is the only part to express SRY gene

A

coelomic epithelium

42
Q

how does SRY act

A

as a transcription factor acts on coelomic epithelium to initiate and drive the expression of SOX9

43
Q

what does SOX9 do

A

drives more expression (self sustaining)
produce PGD2
inhibit Fox ligand 2
initiates the production of AMH

44
Q

what are the cells that make PGD2

A

pre-sertoli cell

45
Q

what do pre-sertoli cells make

A

androgens and testosterone

46
Q

what happens in the absence of SOX9

A

ovo-testies are formed

47
Q

what is AMH

A

anti-mullarian hormone

48
Q

what does AMH do

A

prevents the formation of the mullerian duct

49
Q

do PGCs express SRY

A

no

50
Q

what happens to PGCs in males

A

surrounded by sex-cords and cease mitosis

51
Q

what hormones are vital for male development

A

AMH and androgen

52
Q

wolffian duct=

A

male

53
Q

mullerian duct=

A

female

54
Q

which duct is the default

A

mullarian duct

55
Q

what is rokitansky’s syndrome

A

female acted on by AMH so mullerian duct regressed

56
Q

what determins the sex of the genital tract

A

testies, ovaries are irrelevant

57
Q

where does androgen act

A

on the hypothalamus (preoptic area)

58
Q

what does AIS stand for

A

androgen insensitivity syndrome

59
Q

what does AIS mean

A

XY chromosome but phenotypically female bc tissues fail to respond to androgen secreted until puberty

60
Q

what enzyme are AIS sufferers deficient in

A

5-alpha reductase

Block 8 Ellen (14 decks)

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