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Block 8 Ellen > Anatomy and histology of endocrine organs L11 > Flashcards

Anatomy and histology of endocrine organs L11 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the gap between the first and second arch form on the outside

A

external auditory meatus

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2
Q

what lines all the way around the foetus and into the mouth

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

what line the gut tube

A

endoderm

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4
Q

what makes up the oropharyngeal membrane on the outside

A

ectoderm

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5
Q

what makes up the oropharyngeal membrane on the inside

A

endoderm

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6
Q

what happens on the roof of the mouth

A

some ectoderm is growing upwards to meet the central nervous system

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7
Q

what is happening on the undersurface of the neural tube

A

neural ectoderm is growing down to meet the growing mouth ectoderm

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8
Q

what is the ectoderm growing up through the roof of the mouth called

A

hypophysial diverticulum

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9
Q

in pharyngeal arches what does mesoderm form

A

mesoderm arch (in middle)

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10
Q

in pharyngeal arches what does ectoderm form

A

ectoderm groove on lateral (external) side

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11
Q

in pharyngeal arches what does endoderm form

A

endoderm pouch on medial (internal) side

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12
Q

what does the mesoderm core form (4)

A

cartilage
muscle
nerve
artery

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13
Q

which side of the pharyngeal arches mainly zips up to form a smooth surface

A

the ectoderm groove

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14
Q

what is the other name for the pituitary gland

A

hypophysis

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15
Q

how is the pituitary attached to the base of the skull

A

infundibulum (a stalk)

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16
Q

what is the pituitary in contact with

A

hypothalamus

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17
Q

what plane does the pituitary lie in

A

midline

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18
Q

where is the pituitary in relation to the optic chiasm

A

posterior

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19
Q

where does the pituitary gland sit

A

sella turcica

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20
Q

2 lobes of the pituitary

A

anterior and posterior

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21
Q

what is different about the 2 pituitary lobes (3)

A

Histology
function
embryonic origin

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22
Q

what id inferior to the pituitary gland

A

pharynx

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23
Q

what is the embryological origin of the anterior lobe

A

oral ectoderm from roof of mouth

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24
Q

what is the embryological origin of the posterior lobe

A

neuroectoderm of diencephalon

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25
Q

blood supply to pituitary gland (2)

A

superior hypophyseal artery

inferior hypophyseal artery

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26
Q

venous drainage of pituitary gland

A

cavernous sinus

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27
Q

where do axons release neurohormone in the anterior lobe of pituitary

A

primary plexus

28
Q

where does the primary plexus link to

A

hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

29
Q

overall role of anterior lobe

A

receives neurohormone via portal system which dictates what endocrine cells secrete

30
Q

what is the posterior lobe made off

A

axons

31
Q

what happens in the posterior lobe

A

axons terminate and release neurohormone directly into the blood system

32
Q

histology of anterior lobe=

A

typical endocrine= cords of epithelial cells interspersed with capillaries

33
Q

name 2 acidophillic anteiror lobe cells

A

somatotrophs

mammotrophs

34
Q

name 2 basophillic anterior lobe cells

A

corticotrophs
thyrotrophs
gonadotrophs

35
Q

histology of posterior lobe

A

mainly non-myelinated neurons

with pituicytes supporting cells

36
Q

where is the thyroid gland

A

C5-T1 stuck on the trachea

37
Q

what is the thyroid isthmus

A

midline where right and left lobes meet

38
Q

where is the isthmus

A

cricoid level

39
Q

what is the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid

A

variable bits of lobe coming off

40
Q

what is the thyroid bound in

A

fascia

41
Q

arterial supply to the thyroid

A

superior thyroid artery

inferior thyroid artery

42
Q

where does the superior thyroid come off

A

external carotid

43
Q

where does the inferior thyriod artery come from

A

subclavian–>thyrocervical trunk

44
Q

venous drainage of the thyroid (3)

A

superior thyroid
middle thyroid
inferior thyroid

45
Q

where do the superior thyroid and middle thyroid drain into

A

internal jugular vein

46
Q

where does the inferior thyroid gland drain into

A

brachiocephalic vein

47
Q

embryological origin of the thyroid

A

endoderm on the surface of the developing tongue which starts burrowing down

48
Q

what is the name for the endoderm on the surface of the tongue which starts burrowing down

A

thyroid primordium

49
Q

what is the foramen left behind on the tongue from the thyroid primordium

A

blind foramen —> foramen cecum of the tongue

50
Q

what is the thyroid gland inferior to

A

the larynx

51
Q

2 cells of thyroid

A

follicular cells

parafollicular cells

52
Q

what do follicular cells surround

A

the follicles

53
Q

what is stored in the follicles

A

secretory product

54
Q

whats special about the thyroid

A

only endocrine gland to store product in great quantity

55
Q

what do parafollicular cells do

A

secrete calcitonin

56
Q

how many parathyroid glands

A

2 superior

2 inferior

57
Q

what is the position of the parathyroid glands

A

very variable

58
Q

blood supply of parathyroid glands

A

superior and inferior thyroid

59
Q

2 cells of parathyroid gland

A

chief cells

oxyphil cells

60
Q

which parathyroid cell is dominant

A

chief cells

61
Q

what hormone do chief cells secrete

A

parathyroid hormone

62
Q

what happens between the 1st and 2nd pouch where endoderm and ectoderm meet

A

form an eardrum (tympanic cavity)

63
Q

what does the endoderm form between the 1/2 pouches

A

auditory tube

64
Q

what does the endoderm form between 2/3

A

palatine tonsils

65
Q

what does the endoderm form between 3/4

A

inferior parathyroid gland and the thymus

66
Q

what forms underneath the 4th arch

A

superior parathyroid gland and parafollicular cells

Block 8 Ellen (14 decks)

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