Anatomy of female pelvis L4 Flashcards
What does the vagina open into distally
the vulva
what is the vagina
a tube that connects with the uterus
what is the connection between the vagina and uterus called
cervix
main part of the uterus=
body
top of the uterus called
fundus
tubes coming of either side of uterus=
uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)
at 10 weeks what is obliterated in female s
the mesonephros and mesonephric duct
what is maintained in the females
paramesonephric duct (mullerian) and gonads
what happens at the end of the paramesonephric ducts
come round to meet with the ovaries at the top
at the bottom the two tubes fuse to form a single uterine body
where do the paramesonephric ducts stick onto at the bottom
the urogenital sinus
what is the bubble of urogenital sinus called (that sicks to the 2 paramesonephric ducts)
the sinuvaginal bulb
what does the urogenital sinus give rise to
structures involved in the urinary tract and genitalia tract
after 20 W what does the sinuvaginal bulb become
distal 2/3 of the vaginal canal
what does the paramesonephric duct become
the uterine body and the proximal 1/3 of the vaginal canal and the cervix
what does the connection between the vagina and the urogenital sinus become in later life
hymen
pelvic structures in the female
bladder
uterine body
rectum
what does the upward protrusion of the bladder, uterus and rectum cause
2 peritoneal lined fossa/ pouches
what are the 2 pouches called
vesico-uterine pouch
recto-uterine pouch
what is the vesico-uterine pouch between
between bladder and the uterus
what is the recto-uterine pouch between
rectum and uterus
what does the recto-uterine pouch have a close relationship with
posterior fornix
what can happen in the pouches
infection causes fluid to collect/ pool in these pouches which can easily cause ulceration and perforation
what is the broad ligament
peritoneum drapping over the uterus like a fake ghost and forms a double layer stuck together when there is nothing in-between
where is the broad ligament not continuous
over the openings of the oviducts
what can the gap in the peritoneum over the oviducts cause
ectopic pregnancy
what is the bell like structure at the end of the uterine tube called
infundibulum
what are the fingers that surround the infundibulum at the end of the uterine tubes called
fimbriae
where does the ovary sit
in the infundibulum
what is the ligament attached to the ovary called
ligament of ovary
what is the over end of the ligament of ovary attached to
labia majora
after the ligament of the ovary has passed through the broad ligament what is it called
round ligament of the uterus
what is the position of the uterus
drapped over the bladder usually but not fixed
in most women how would you explain the uterus position medically
anteflexed and antiverted
what does anteflexion refer to
the long axis of the uterus being flopped forward, on the long axis of the vagina at the internal os
what does anteversion refer to
vaginal canal position related to uterus
what can happen that is less common to a womens uterus position
retroversion and retroflexion
what do retroversion and retroflexion mean
uterus is bent backwards (lies in the retrouterine pouch)
3 histological layers of the uterus body
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
which is the most internal layer of the uterus body
endometrium
which is the muscular layer of the uterus body
myometrium
what is the peritoneum covering the uterus layer called
perimetrium
what layers can the endometrium be divided into (2)
stratum functionale
stratum basale
during the menstrual cycle what is the layer undergoing change
stratum functionale (functional layer)
what is the specialised blood supply in the stratum basale of the endometrium
spiral arteries
what is also a specialised structure in the endometrium
uterine glands (produce mucus )
where is the capillary bed in the endometrium
stratum functionale
what does the cervix consist of (2)
external os
fornix
what is the external os
the opening into the vaginal canal
what is the fornix
the groove around the margin of the external cervix
what is a transformational zone
one type of histology to another
where is a transformational zone
within the cervix
what epithelial covers the first part of the cervix
stratified squamous (same as vaginal) more superficial
what does the epithelial lining of the cervix change to further up
simple columnar
what can happen at transformational zones
caner (cervical caner here)
what are the two main blood supplies to the uterus
aorta branch- ovarian artery
internal iliac
what does the ovarian artery supply
ovaries
what does the internal iliac supply
everything apart from the ovaries
3 branches of the internal iliac
uterine
vaginal
internal pudendal
what do all three branches of the internal iliac have
ipsilateral and contralateral anastomoses
what is the difference in the perineal membrane in the females
2 holes –> vagina and urethra
what are the female erectile tissues
corpus cavernosus
bulb of the vestible
what does the crus region of the corpus cavernous do
attach to the perineum
what is the other structure the corpus cavernous attaches to
the glans clitoris
difference in bulb of vestibule to corpus spongiosum (in males)
bulb of vestibule present as 2 parts
what muscle covers the corpus cavernousus
ischiocavernous muscle
what muscle covers the bulb of the vestibule
bulbospongiosus
veins=
follow arteries drain into internal pudendal vein
what veins are an exception
deep dorsal veins drain into vesicle plexus of bladder
