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Block 8 Ellen > Anatomy and histology of the male pelvis L3 > Flashcards

Anatomy and histology of the male pelvis L3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the roof of the pelvic cavity made of

A

the abdominal cavity floor

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2
Q

what is the small pocket of hindgut which goes into the umbilical cord

A

allantois

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3
Q

what is the allantois

A

fluid filled bag (embryological equivalent of a bladder)

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4
Q

what 2 structures does the allantois link up with

A

the precursor of the rectal canal and urogenital ducts

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5
Q

what is it called when the bladder and GI tract meet up

A

cloaca

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6
Q

2 parts of the cloaca

A

urogenital and anus

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7
Q

what is the remnant of the allantois bag on the male bladder called

A

urachus

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8
Q

what are the developmental kidneys attached to the gonads called

A

mesonephros

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9
Q

what duct drains the mesonephros

A

mesonephric ducts

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10
Q

what does mesonephric mean

A

middle kidney

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11
Q

what duct runs along side the mesonephric duct

A

the paramesonephric duct

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12
Q

what does the paramesonephric duct drain

A

nothing

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13
Q

what are the paramesonephric ducts also called

A

mullerian

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14
Q

what are the mesonephric ducts also called

A

wolffian

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15
Q

where does the gonad begin to form

A

in the surface of the mesonephros at the back of the abdomen

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16
Q

in males what degenerates

A

the mullerian duct (paramesonephric duct)

and mesonephros

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17
Q

what causes the duct to degenerate

A

circulating hormones

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18
Q

what is left behind after the mesonephros degenerates

A

connecting tubules that connect the gonads to the mesonephric duct

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19
Q

what does the mesonephric duct become

A

ductus deferens

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20
Q

so overall what has the duct system from the gonads developed from

A

the duct system for the temporary kidneys

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21
Q

where do the urethers drain into the bladder

A

high on the posterior surface (loop under ductus deferens)

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22
Q

what path do the ductus deferens follow around the bladder

A

loop over ureters just as the ureters are entering the bladder and come down the back surface

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23
Q

where do the ductus deferens penetrate into

A

the prostate gland which sits at the base of the bladder

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24
Q

what are the accessory glands on the back of the male bladder called

A

seminal vesicle

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25
Q

where do the ducts of the seminal vesicles drain into

A

the prostate

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26
Q

what 2 structures drain into the prostate

A

seminal vesicles

ductus deferens

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27
Q

what structure drains into the bladder

A

ureters

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28
Q

what comes out of the prostate

A

the urethra (continuation of the bladder)

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29
Q

2 histological zones of the prostate

A

central zone

peripheral zone

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30
Q

what does the prostate completely encompass

A

the urethra as it leaves the bladder

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31
Q

where are you most likely to find a carcinoma in the prostate

A

peripheral zone

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32
Q

where are you most likely to find a benign prostatic hypertrophy in the prostate

A

the central zone

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33
Q

3 anatomical zones of the urethra

A

prostatic
membranous
spongy or penile

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34
Q

the longest section of urethra=

A

spongy/ penile

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35
Q

shortest part of the urethra

A

membranous (passes through perineal membrane which is very thin)

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36
Q

most proximal part of the urethra

A

prostatic

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37
Q

spongy part of urethra can be divided into

A

bulbar region

pendular region

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38
Q

the bulbar region of the spongy urethra=

A

where penis is still attached to the pelvis and perineal membrane

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39
Q

the pendular region of the spongy urethra

A

where it is external to the body

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40
Q

do the anatomical sections of the urethra match with the histological

A

No

41
Q

3 histological regions

A

prostatic region
membranous region —>Spongy region
glans penis region

42
Q

histology of the prostatic epithelium

A

transitional epithelium (same as bladder)

43
Q

histology of the membranous region—-> the spongy urethra

A

pseudostatified columnar epithelium

44
Q

histology of the glans penis

A

stratified squamous epithelium

45
Q

perineum=

A

area between pubic synthesis and the coccyx

46
Q

shape of pelvic outlet=

A

diamond shape

47
Q

what is the pelvic outlet inferior to

A

the pelvic diaphragm muscles

48
Q

what forms the roof of the perineum

A

pelvic diaphragm (sheet of muscles)

49
Q

what does the perineum contain (3)

A

anal canal
distal urethra
external genitalia

50
Q

what can the pelvic outlet be divided into

A

anterior and posterior triangle

51
Q

what is the anterior triangle

A

urogenital

52
Q

what is the posterior triangle

A

anal

53
Q

four bony landmarks of the pelvic outlet

A 
ischial tuberosity (lateral) x2 
pubic synthesis (anterior)
coccyx (posterior
54
Q

hole in the anterior triangle=

A

urogenital hiatus

55
Q

hole in the posterior triangle=

A

anal hiatus

56
Q

the pelvic diaphragm (floor of pelvis) is the boundary between

A

the perineal and the pelvis

57
Q

2 muscle types making up this floor

A

levator ani

coccygeus

58
Q

3 levator ani muscles

A

iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus
puborectalis

59
Q

iliococcygeus=

A

from ilium to coccyx

60
Q

pubococcygeus=

A

pubic bone to coccyx

61
Q

puborectalis=

A

from pubic bone wrapping around the back of the rectum and attaching on the pubis opposite side

62
Q

muscle of the pelvis not part of the diaphragm but has a tendinous sheet that attaches levator ani muscles =

A

obturator internus muscle

63
Q

why do the pelvic muscles need good tone

A

to keep things in the pelvis

64
Q

where is the perineal membrane found

A

only in the urogenital triangle

65
Q

What are the lateral attachments for the perineal membrane

A

the ischial tuberosities

66
Q

anteriorly how is the perineal membrane attached

A

all the way along the bone with a small gap at the pubic synthesis

67
Q

what is the 1 hole in the male for in the perineal membrane

A

the urethra

68
Q

what is the thin space in the perineal membrane called

A

the deep perineal pouch

69
Q

in the male what does the deep perineal pouch contain

A

bulbourethral glands

70
Q

what are the spaces between the pelvic diaphragm muscles and the skin called

A

ischio-anal fossa

71
Q

what is the space called between the perineal membrane and the skin

A

the superficial perineal pouch

72
Q

what is in the superficial perineal pouch

A

erectile tissue

73
Q

2 types of erectile tissue in the male

A

corpus cavernosus

corpus spongiosum

74
Q

which erectile tissue runs along the shaft and adhered to the bone and perineal membrane

A

corpus cavernosus

75
Q

which erectile tissue is singular and stuck onto the surface of the perineal membrane

A

corpus spongiosum

76
Q

what is the difference in the urogenital groove in males and female s

A

zips up in males doesn’t zip up in females

77
Q

what forms the penis (2)

A

the genital folds and the genital tubercle

78
Q

what specifically forms the glans penis

A

the genital tubercle

79
Q

what are the labia in the female homologous with in the male

A

the skin of the scrotum

80
Q

what 2 openings in the female does the urogenital groove have

A

one for the urethra

and one to the vagina

81
Q

what is equivalent to the corpus spongiosum in the female

A

bulb of the vestibule

82
Q

whats equivalent to the glans penis in the females

A

glans clitoris

83
Q

what muscle covers the corpus caverosum

A

ischiocavernous muscle

84
Q

what muscle covers the corpus spongiosum

A

bulbospongiosus

85
Q

what does the bulbospongiosus have in the middle

A

a raphe (bc its been zipped up)

86
Q

what is the perineal body

A

a tendon with common attachments to many muscles

87
Q

what muscles are attached to the perineal body (3)

A

back end of bulbuspongiosus
two pairs of the superficial transverse perineal muscles
the external anal sphincter

88
Q

what is the superficial transverse perineal muscle

A

located on the free margin of the perineal membrane

89
Q

what nerve roots is the pudendal nerve made from

A

S2 S3 and S4

90
Q

where are the parasympathetic fibres coming from

A

S2 and S3

91
Q

where are the sympathetic fibres coming from

A

T10-L2

92
Q

what does parasympathetic do (3) penile region

A

vasodilation
stimulate erection
stimulate bladder contraction

93
Q

what does sympathetic do (4)

A

cause smooth muscle contraction
internal urethral sphincter constriction
relaxes urinary bladder
ejaculation

94
Q

perineum artery=

A

internal pudendal artery

95
Q

what in the perineum has a separate blood supply

A

testes

96
Q

testes blood supply=

A

abdominal vessels

97
Q

perineum vein=

A

veins follow arteries and drain into internal pudendal v

98
Q

what vein is the exception

A

deep dorsal vein drains prostate plexus

Block 8 Ellen (14 decks)

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