L1: History and Scope of Microbiology Flashcards
Microbiology
study of organisms too small to be seen by unaided eye
What are the 3 domains of life?
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya
What small subunit rRNA gene is associated with Bacteria?
16S rRNA
What small subunit rRNA gene is associated with Archaea?
16S rRNA
What small subunit rRNA gene is associated with Eucarya?
18S rRNA
What are the major groups of microbes?
bacteria archaea protists fungi viruses
Who was the first to describe microbes (observed eukaryotic fungi)
Robert Hooke
Who was first to see prokaryotic bacteria through early versions of the microscope?
Antony van Leeuwenhoek
What is spontaneous generation?
the idea that living organisms could develop from nonliving matter
How was spontaneous generation challenged and disproved? By who?
- Francisco Redi showed that flies don’t spontaneously generate through his experiment with meat in a jar
- Spallanzani showed that microbes wouldn’t grow in a flask of meat broth if the flask was sealed
- Pasteur showed that microbes won’t grow in boiled broth until introduced from outside, showing that air carries microbes (swan-neck flask)
What is involved in the process of Pasteurization?
heat is used to kill microbes
What 2 people’s work led to the study of host defenses? (Immunology)
Pasteur and Lister
Who discovered surgical procedures to prevent wound infections?
Joseph Lister
Who found the first direct evidence that bacteria caused disease?
Koch
What did Koch study?
bacterial pathogen that causes anthrax - Bacillus anthracis
What are Koch’s Postulates? (def)
criteria used to establish link between a microbe and a disease
What are Koch’s Postulates? (list)
Microbe is found in all cases of disease and absent from healthy
Microbe must be isolated and grown in pure culture
Same disease must result when isolated microbe inoculated into healthy host
Same microbe must be isolated again from diseased host
What 2 people contributed to early immunology work?
Jenner and Metchnikoff
What did Jenner discover?
first vaccine- noticed that material from cowpox lesions protected against smallpox
Who discovered macrophages?
Metchnikoff
Who are 2 people that studied microbial communities?
Winogradsky and Beijerinck
What are chemolithotrophs?
bacteria that strip inorganic compounds of electrons for energy
Who isolated bacteria that oxidizes inorganic compounds for energy?
Winogradsky
Who isolated nitrogen-fixing bacteria that reduce atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia?
Beijerinck
