L1 Flashcards
1
Q
Meaning of Psyche + ology
A
Psyche: the human mind, including behaviors and mental processes
~ology: scientific study, systematic, objective, well-controlled
Psychology: Empirical, which is based on objective observations made through research
2
Q
What is Psychology?
A
Psychology is concerned about studies of human phenomena (feel, think, behave, emotions, cognitions and behaviors)
3
Q
Aspect of Psychology
A
- Social Aspects
Interpersonal relations, culture, environment - Psychological aspects
Feeling, thinking, behaviors - Biological aspects
genetics and brain
Combined: human as a bio-psychosocial entiity, behaviors: multiple causes and nature-and-nurture
4
Q
Mission of Psychology
A
- to understand human mind and behaviors
- to promote psychological well-being
- to describe, explain, predict and change human behaviors and mental processes
5
Q
How Psychology Evolves?
A
- Wilhelm Wundt
- Psychoanalysis
- Behaviorism
- Humanistic Perspective
- Clinical Psychology
- Positive Psychology
6
Q
Wilhelm Wundt
A
- father of psychology
- make psychology an independent discipline - scientific study of conscious experience
- established the first 1st formal laboratory research in psychology!
- mark 1879 as psychology date of birth!
7
Q
Psychoanalysis / psychodynamic perspective
A
- Founder: Sigmund freud!
- level of awareness: consciousness,pre-consciousness, unconsciousness!!
- human instinct
- sex and aggression!
- psycho-sexual!! development
- id, ego, superego
8
Q
Behaviorism
A
- Founder John B Watson!
- Observation events
- stimulus-and-response
- animal research - mechanistic to environment!
- free will is an illusion - black box metaphor
- only know the input and output but dont know what is going on in the mind
9
Q
Humanistic Perspective
A
- Carl Rogers and braham Maslow!!!
- unique qualities of humans
- Human freedom!!: FREE WILL and self-control
- potential for personal growth: self-actualization! - Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
10
Q
Clinical Psychology
A
- Rapid growth of clinical psychology
- increasing demands of world war II
- demands: ability test for screening or recruiting soldiers
- counseling for soldiers’ trauma
11
Q
Cognitive Psychology
A
- Increasing interest on cognition, physiology and cultural influences!
- Jean Piaget
- cognitive development in children
- Noam Chomsky: language development
12
Q
Biological Psychology
A
- increasing interest on cognition, physiology and cultural influences!
- roger sperry won the Nobel Prize for split-brain studies
13
Q
Social Psychology
A
- increasing interest on cognition, physiology and cultural influences!
- e.g. Albert Bandura’s social learning theory, cultural difference in self-perception, children’s belief of learning orientation etc
14
Q
Evolutionary Psychology
A
- Emergence of Evolutionary psychology from the branch of social psychology!
- natural selection favors behaviors or characteristics that enhance reproductive success
- e.g. Mate Perference by David Buss!
Male chooses from physical appearance but female chooses from social status, might be due to male having the dominant role in family (still controversial)
- e.g. Visual-Spatial ability (silverman and Eals)!
Metal rotation of images, map reading, maze learning -> male > female -> facilitate hunting - psychology evolves in a socio-historical context and becomes theoretically diverse! (what does this mean)
15
Q
Positive Psychology
A
- recent developments!
- advocates for positive psychology
- martin seligman, ed diener
- positive subjective experience: subjective well-being, psychological well-being (SWB and PWB)
- GDP or income and SWB
16
Q
7 major perspectives of modern psychology
A
- psychodynamics
- behavioral
- cognitive
- biological
- cross-cultural
- evolutionary
- humanistic
17
Q
major fields of psychology
A
- psychoanalytic/psychodynamics
Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung - behaviorism
john B Watson - humanistic (positive psychology)
Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow - Cognitive
Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky - biological
Roger sperry - Social (evolutionary psychology
Albert Bandura, David Buss
18
Q
Major Professional fields in Hong Kong
A
- Clinical Psychologist
assess, diagnosize and treat psychological disorders - counseling psychologist
provide guidance to life events - educational psychologist
work with schools and students - industrial and organizational psychologist
work with business and industry - experiment psychologist
conduct research in psychology
19
Q
conclusion!!!!!
A
- psychology
as an art and a science - basic themes in psychology
- nature and nurture interaction
- multiple causes
