L06 Flashcards
What are basic emotions, and which ones are considered universal?
Basic emotions: Happiness, Fear, Anger, Sadness, Disgust, Surprise. They are universal and present from birth.
At what age do self-conscious emotions (e.g., guilt, shame) emerge?
Around 18 months to 2 years.
What is the sequence of basic emotions development in infants?
Birth: Happiness and distress. 4 months: Anger. 7 months: Fear (including stranger and separation anxiety). End of 1st year: Surprise, sadness, disgust.
When do infants begin to show fear of strangers and separation anxiety?
Around 7-8 months; declines by 15 months.
What age do children begin to label emotions (happiness, anger, fear, sadness)?
Around 3 years.
At what age can children understand that people can experience more than one emotion at a time?
Around 5 years.
What is social referencing, and at what age do infants use it?
Using adults’ facial expressions and tone to decide how to deal with new or ambiguous situations. Developed by 9-12 months.
What is co-regulation, and when does it begin?
Parents regulate infants’ emotions (e.g., soothing or distraction). Begins at birth.
When do children begin using self-regulation strategies like self-soothing and self-distraction?
Around 5 months; self-distraction becomes more common as they age.
What is emotional intelligence, and how does it impact children’s development?
The ability to identify and regulate emotions in oneself and others. High emotional intelligence is linked to better social relationships, academic success, and psychological well-being.
What are the reasons for increased emotional intensity and risk-taking in adolescence?
Cognitive: Advances in abstract thinking. Social: Desire for autonomy, school challenges. Neurobiological: Maturation of the limbic system and prefrontal cortex mismatch.
What is discrete emotions theory?
The theory that humans are born with 6 basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust), which are critical for survival and communication.
