L02 Flashcards
What is categorization, and when does perceptual vs. conceptual categorization occur?
Perceptual Categorization (early infancy): Based on shape.
Conceptual Categorization (~9 months): Based on function.
What is intermodal perception?
Combining information from two or more senses (e.g., vision and touch) to make sense of the environment. Present early in infancy.
What reflexes are present at birth, and when do they typically fade?
Reflexes include grasping, rooting, sucking, and stepping; most fade by 2 months.
List the general order of motor milestones.
Lift head.
Lift chest.
Roll over.
Sit without support.
Pull to stand.
Walk with furniture aid.
Stand alone.
Walk independently.
At what age do infants begin crawling?
Around 7-8 months.
Not considered a motor milestone as some infants skip it.
How do cultural practices influence motor development?
Postural Support: Less support (e.g., in Cameroon) leads to faster motor skills.
Encouragement: Practices like stretching in Sub-Saharan Africa accelerate motor milestones.
Diapers: Walking is more mature without diapers (better balance and smaller steps).
What is the role of weight in motor development?
Heavier babies lose the stepping reflex around 2 months due to weight gain. Reflex returns when weight is supported (e.g., in water).
What motivates infants to learn motor skills?
High motivation leads to frequent, high-energy practice and earlier milestones. Motivation can be influenced by temperament.
How does self-locomotion (8 months) impact learning?
Allows interaction with objects, vocabulary growth, and active learning. Babies also learn about slopes and limitations through trial and error.
What are scale errors, and when do they occur?
Around 2 years. Children try to interact with objects that are too small (e.g., sitting in a toy chair) due to difficulty integrating size and action.
