L05 Flashcards
What is the High Amplitude Sucking Procedure, and what age is it used for?
A method to test speech perception in infants 0-4 months using their sucking reflex to measure interest.
At what age does word segmentation begin, and how do infants achieve it?
Around 7 months. Infants use statistical learning (recognizing patterns) and stress patterns to segment words.
What are the major language milestones for infants?
2 months: Cooing (vowel sounds).
7 months: Babbling (repeated consonant-vowel syllables).
12 months: First words.
18 months: Vocabulary reaches 50 words.
What is the difference between overextension and underextension?
Overextension: Using a word too broadly (e.g., calling all four-legged animals ‘dog’).
Underextension: Using a word too narrowly (e.g., only calling their dog ‘dog’).
What is mutual exclusivity, and how does it influence word learning?
The assumption that objects have only one name. Bilingual children rely on this rule less.
What is Infant-Directed Speech (IDS), and why is it important?
A speech style with exaggerated pitch, slower pace, and clearer pronunciation. It draws infants’ attention and aids language learning.
At what age do children begin forming telegraphic speech, and what is it?
Around 2 years. It consists of simple two- or three-word phrases (e.g., ‘Mommy hurt’).
What is overregularization, and when does it occur?
Applying grammatical rules too broadly (e.g., ‘mans’ instead of ‘men’). Common around 5 years old.
What is the sensitive period for language acquisition, and why is it important?
Birth to pre-puberty. Language exposure during this time is crucial for achieving native-level proficiency.
What advantage do bilingual children have over monolingual children?
They perform better on measures of executive functioning (e.g., cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control).
At what age do infants display joint attention, and why is it significant?
Around 9-12 months. It helps infants learn words through shared focus and social interaction.
How does the quantity and quality of speech affect language development?
More words and rich communication predict larger vocabularies and better language skills.
