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Immunology > L-30 > Flashcards

L-30 Flashcards

1
Q

What is immunology?

A

The study of an organisms defence system in health and disease

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2
Q

What is the immune system?

A

An organised system of organs, cells, and molecules that interact together to defend the body against disease such as pathogenic microorganisms and cancer

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3
Q

Name the 5 organs of the immune system:

A
  • tonsils
  • thymus
  • spleen
  • bone marrow
  • lymph nodes
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4
Q

What do primary lymphoid organs do?

A

They are responsible for the production of white blood cells (lymphocytes)

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5
Q

What do secondary lymphoid organs do?

A

They are sites where immune responses are initiated

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6
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

A
  • bone marrow

- thymus

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7
Q

What does the bone marrow do in the immune system?

A

Source of stem cells that develop into cells of the “innate” and “adaptive” immune responses

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8
Q

What does the thymus do in the immune system?

A

Acts as a “school” for white blood cells called T cells to learn not to react t themselves. Only 10% of T cells are released from the thymus and the rest are destroyed

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9
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid organs?

A
  • Spleen

- Lymph nodes

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10
Q

What does the spleen do in the immune system?

A

The site of initiation for immune responses against blood-borne pathogens

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11
Q

What do the lymph nodes do in the immune system?

A

Filter lymph fluid from blood and tissue and it is a site of initiation of immune responses. Located along the lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

What are the 3 layers of immune defence?

A
  • chemical and physical barriers
  • innate response
  • adaptive response
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13
Q

What are the physical barriers of the immune defence system?

A
  • skin

- mucous membranes

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14
Q

What does the skin do in the immune system?

A

The skin provides a physical barrier that protects the body against pathogens

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15
Q

What is the outermost layer of the skin called?

A

Epidermis

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16
Q

What is the epidermis composed of?

A
  • dead cells
  • keratin
  • phagocytise immune cells
17
Q

What layer of the skin is deep to the epidermis?

A

Dermis

18
Q

What is the dermis? What is it made of?

A

thick layer of connective tissue

  • collagen
  • blood vessels
  • phagocytic immune cells
19
Q

What are the chemical immune defences of the skin?

A
  • antimicrobial peptides (skin defensins)
  • lysozymes
  • Sebum
  • salty sweat
20
Q

What do antimicrobial peptides do to aid the skin in protecting our immune system?

A

Form pores in microbial cell membranes

21
Q

What do lysozymes do to aid the skin in protecting our immune system?

A

Break down bacterial cell walls

22
Q

What does sebum do to aid the skin in protecting our immune system?

A

Low pH provides sub-optimal environment for microbe enzymes

23
Q

What does salty sweat do to aid the skin in protecting our immune system?

A

Affects the osmoregulation of microbes

24
Q

What are mucous membranes?

A

1-2 layers of tightly packed epithelial live cells that are constantly being renewed and replaced

25
Q

What cells produce the mucus in mucous membranes?

A

Goblet cells

26
Q

Where are mucous membranes present in the body?

A
  • mouth
  • lungs
  • stomach
  • genital regions’
  • anything connecting these where outside particles can interact with internal systems
27
Q

What is the mucosiliary escalator?

A

Epithelial cells with beating cilia to move mucus trapping particals from the lungs back up the trachea to the mouth

28
Q

What are the chemical defences of mucosal surfaces? (6)

A
  • low pH in stomach
  • bile in gall bladder
  • digestive enzymes in intestine
  • mucus
  • defensins
  • lysozymes in tears and urine
29
Q

What are the 3 layers of the immune define system?

A
  • physical and chemical
  • innate
  • adaptive
30
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

Pre-existing immune response that is fixed and has limited specificity and no memory. Responds within hours

31
Q

What is adaptive immunity?

A

Immunity that improves during the response but takes days-weeks to initially respond. It is variable and highly specific with memory

Immunology (10 decks)

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