Korean Immigration (1903-1924)

Question 1

HSPA (HI Sugar Planters’ Association)

Answer 1

• needed new sources of low-wage labor
• Chinese labor immigration had stopped
• Japanese laborers became source of trouble to planters bcs they could strike for better working conditions and they migrated to US mainland for better economic opportunities
• Koreans don’t like the Japanese and are willing to break up the strikes

Question 2

Koreans

Answer 2

• much smaller numbers, similar patterns to Japanese
• Koreans recruited by missionaries in Pyongyang to work on HI sugar plantations
• Koreans attracted to US and HI jobs because of stuff going on in Korea

Question 3

Halt in Korean Immigration in 1905

Answer 3

• Koreans went to Yucatan Peninsula and treated badly, told Japanese gov’t about it
• Japanese gov’t embarrassed and prohibited immigration to Mexico
• Japan takes over Korean diplomatic relations and stops Korean immigration to HI in order to avoid exacerbating anti-Japanese sentiment on the mainland and stop Japanese migration to mainland
• migration of Koreans therefore halted
• if it hadn’t been halted, Korean numbers would’ve reached Japanese numbers

Question 4

Secondary Migration to US Mainland (1905-1907)

Answer 4

• Koreans, as Japanese colonial subjects, were subject to the GA
• Koreans were also migratory workers, but some were tenant farmers
• rural to urban shift (esp in LA and SF) from 1920-1930
• Korean picture brides also came as part of GA loophole

Question 5

Koreans and Japanese

Answer 5

• small communities of Koreans that were sometimes parts of Japanese communities
• Koreans relied on Japanese ethnic economies, so Jap provided urban component of economy
• not really tensions between them
• they weren’t united, but they relied on each other