KNES 235 Flashcards
what are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
delivery, removal, maintenance, prevention
what does the function “delivery’ mean for the cardiovascular system?
delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, chemical messengers
what does the removal function mean for the cardiovascular system?
removal of carbon dioxide and waste products
what does the maintenance function of the cardiovascular system mean?
maintenance of body temperature and blood ph
what does the prevention function of the cardiovascular system mean?
partners with the immune system to fight diseases
what two bodily systems are composed of the cardiorespiratory system?
the cardiovascular and the respiratory system
what does the right side of the heart do?
send deoxygenated blood to the lungs to droop of co2 and waste products and pick up 02
what does the left side of the heart do?
pumps oxygenated blood to the tissues to deliver o2 and pick up waste products
what signals the heart to contract and pump blood?
the “conduction” system — a pathway of cells that can be electrically simulated
systole
contraction
diastole
relaxation
when the atria are in _______, the ventricles are in _________ and vice versa
systole, diastole
what are the two phases of the cardiac cycle?
diastole phase & systole phase
what happens during the diastole phase?
the ventricles are in diastole (relaxation) 2x long than the systole phase
what happens during the systole phase?
the ventricles are in systole (contracting)
The cardiac cycle is all _______and ______ events occurring during each heartbeat
mechanical and electrical
how much blood is circulating per minute at rest?
2 and 1/2 2 liter bottles
how much blood is circulating per minute at maximum exercise?
12 and 1/2 two liter bottles
arteries carry blood in which direction and does what?
arteries carry blood away from the heart and pick up c02 and waste product
veins carry blood in what direction>
veins carry blood toward the heart
blood pressure is measured in what?
millimeters of mercury (mmHG)
what is normal blood pressure?
120/80 (systolic/diastolic)
high blood pressure is known as what? low blood pressure is known as what?
HIgh bp- hypertension, low bp- hypotension
what can cause low bp?
dehydration
_______ blood pressure is the amount of pressure experienced when the left ventricle contracts
systolic
________ blood pressure is the amount of pressure experienced when the left ventricle relaxes
diastolic
why do the lungs inflate?
change in the pressure of the the chest cavity created by the muscles
during intense activity, which muscles are included in the lungs inflating?
the diaphragm and abdominal muscles
T: deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart drop off its CO2 and waste products tot eh lungs
true
what happens to CO2 that reaches the lungs?
it is exhaled
T or F: blood that dropped of co2 and waste product to the lungs picks up 02 and goes toward the right side of the heart to be pumped to the tissues
false: left side of the hear
what is metabolism?
the transformation of food into energy soures through chemical processes
what are the macronutrients that act as energy sources?
carbohydrates, protein, and fat
carbohydrates as an energy source
easily accessible energy source,
when are carbohydrates needed as an energy source?
high intensity activities
what are excess carbohydrates stored as?
glycogen (if depleted) o body fat
fat as an energy source
makes food taste good while supplying energy
when is fat needed as an energy source?
needed for long duration activities and daily life
what is excess fat stored as?
body fat
protein as an energy source
provides amino acids to build structures in the body
when is protein used? what is the excess stored as?
used for growth and repair (rarely used for energy)/ excess is stored as body fat
what is the energy currency of the body? what does it stand for?
ATP (adenosine triposphate)
what is the goal of metabolic reactions?
to turn fuel sources into energy sources our cells can use
T or F: there is one pathway out body uses to transform fuel sources into atp
F; there are multiple pathways
when do we use our immediate energy pathway?
for 10 - 15 secs, ex: 100m sprint
when do we use our anaerobic (nonoxidative) energy pathway for?
15 secs - 3 mins, ex: 400m dash
when do we use out aerobic (oxidative0 energy pathway for?
any activity over 3 mins long, ex: 1 mile
what is the energy source for immediate energy system?
creatine phosphate +adp —-> atp
anaerobic (non oxidative) energy system
fuel: carbohydrates as glucose or glycogen
- energy is readily available with this system but fuel supply is low and results in higher waste product
areobic oxidative energy system
- uses any fuel source (mostly fat and carbohydrates)
- most common used energy system
- supplies a large amount of ATp but cannot do it rapidly
T or F: the three energy systems wrk individually to provide fuel for a given activity
F: they all work together to produce fuel
fat burning zone (fact or fiction)
this is false( it’s better to measure how long you need to be working out for your body to be burning fat)when hr is 55-65% of max, then largest portion of calories are form fat (it’s true that a larger portion of your calories come from fat when you perform at a lower heart rate
what is cardiorespiratory fitness?
the ability t provide o2 to the muscles to support ATP production
as exercise intensity increases so does what?
02 consumption
VO2 max
an objective measure of CRP that measures the maximum amount of oxygen that can be consumed and utilized to perform exercises with large muscle groups
