KNES 235

Question 1

what are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

delivery, removal, maintenance, prevention

Question 2

what does the function “delivery’ mean for the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, chemical messengers

Question 3

what does the removal function mean for the cardiovascular system?

Answer 3

removal of carbon dioxide and waste products

Question 4

what does the maintenance function of the cardiovascular system mean?

Answer 4

maintenance of body temperature and blood ph

Question 5

what does the prevention function of the cardiovascular system mean?

Answer 5

partners with the immune system to fight diseases

Question 6

what two bodily systems are composed of the cardiorespiratory system?

Answer 6

the cardiovascular and the respiratory system

Question 7

what does the right side of the heart do?

Answer 7

send deoxygenated blood to the lungs to droop of co2 and waste products and pick up 02

Question 8

what does the left side of the heart do?

Answer 8

pumps oxygenated blood to the tissues to deliver o2 and pick up waste products

Question 9

what signals the heart to contract and pump blood?

Answer 9

the “conduction” system — a pathway of cells that can be electrically simulated

Question 10

systole

Answer 10

contraction

Question 11

diastole

Answer 11

relaxation

Question 12

when the atria are in _______, the ventricles are in _________ and vice versa

Answer 12

systole, diastole

Question 13

what are the two phases of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 13

diastole phase & systole phase

Question 14

what happens during the diastole phase?

Answer 14

the ventricles are in diastole (relaxation) 2x long than the systole phase

Question 15

what happens during the systole phase?

Answer 15

the ventricles are in systole (contracting)

Question 16

The cardiac cycle is all _______and ______ events occurring during each heartbeat

Answer 16

mechanical and electrical

Question 17

how much blood is circulating per minute at rest?

Answer 17

2 and 1/2 2 liter bottles

Question 18

how much blood is circulating per minute at maximum exercise?

Answer 18

12 and 1/2 two liter bottles

Question 19

arteries carry blood in which direction and does what?

Answer 19

arteries carry blood away from the heart and pick up c02 and waste product

Question 20

veins carry blood in what direction>

Answer 20

veins carry blood toward the heart

Question 21

blood pressure is measured in what?

Answer 21

millimeters of mercury (mmHG)

Question 22

what is normal blood pressure?

Answer 22

120/80 (systolic/diastolic)

Question 23

high blood pressure is known as what? low blood pressure is known as what?

Answer 23

HIgh bp- hypertension, low bp- hypotension

Question 24

what can cause low bp?

Answer 24

dehydration

Question 25

_______ blood pressure is the amount of pressure experienced when the left ventricle contracts

Answer 25

systolic

Question 26

________ blood pressure is the amount of pressure experienced when the left ventricle relaxes

Answer 26

diastolic

Question 27

why do the lungs inflate?

Answer 27

change in the pressure of the the chest cavity created by the muscles

Question 28

during intense activity, which muscles are included in the lungs inflating?

Answer 28

the diaphragm and abdominal muscles

Question 29

T: deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart drop off its CO2 and waste products tot eh lungs

Answer 29

true

Question 30

what happens to CO2 that reaches the lungs?

Answer 30

it is exhaled

Question 31

T or F: blood that dropped of co2 and waste product to the lungs picks up 02 and goes toward the right side of the heart to be pumped to the tissues

Answer 31

false: left side of the hear

Question 32

what is metabolism?

Answer 32

the transformation of food into energy soures through chemical processes

Question 33

what are the macronutrients that act as energy sources?

Answer 33

carbohydrates, protein, and fat

Question 34

carbohydrates as an energy source

Answer 34

easily accessible energy source,

Question 35

when are carbohydrates needed as an energy source?

Answer 35

high intensity activities

Question 36

what are excess carbohydrates stored as?

Answer 36

glycogen (if depleted) o body fat

Question 37

fat as an energy source

Answer 37

makes food taste good while supplying energy

Question 38

when is fat needed as an energy source?

Answer 38

needed for long duration activities and daily life

Question 39

what is excess fat stored as?

Answer 39

body fat

Question 40

protein as an energy source

Answer 40

provides amino acids to build structures in the body

Question 41

when is protein used? what is the excess stored as?

Answer 41

used for growth and repair (rarely used for energy)/ excess is stored as body fat

Question 42

what is the energy currency of the body? what does it stand for?

Answer 42

ATP (adenosine triposphate)

Question 43

what is the goal of metabolic reactions?

Answer 43

to turn fuel sources into energy sources our cells can use

Question 44

T or F: there is one pathway out body uses to transform fuel sources into atp

Answer 44

F; there are multiple pathways

Question 45

when do we use our immediate energy pathway?

Answer 45

for 10 - 15 secs, ex: 100m sprint

Question 46

when do we use our anaerobic (nonoxidative) energy pathway for?

Answer 46

15 secs - 3 mins, ex: 400m dash

Question 47

when do we use out aerobic (oxidative0 energy pathway for?

Answer 47

any activity over 3 mins long, ex: 1 mile

Question 48

what is the energy source for immediate energy system?

Answer 48

creatine phosphate +adp —-> atp

Question 49

anaerobic (non oxidative) energy system

Answer 49

fuel: carbohydrates as glucose or glycogen - energy is readily available with this system but fuel supply is low and results in higher waste product

Question 50

areobic oxidative energy system

Answer 50

- uses any fuel source (mostly fat and carbohydrates) - most common used energy system - supplies a large amount of ATp but cannot do it rapidly

Question 51

T or F: the three energy systems wrk individually to provide fuel for a given activity

Answer 51

F: they all work together to produce fuel

Question 52

fat burning zone (fact or fiction)

Answer 52

this is false( it’s better to measure how long you need to be working out for your body to be burning fat)when hr is 55-65% of max, then largest portion of calories are form fat (it’s true that a larger portion of your calories come from fat when you perform at a lower heart rate

Question 53

what is cardiorespiratory fitness?

Answer 53

the ability t provide o2 to the muscles to support ATP production

Question 54

as exercise intensity increases so does what?

Answer 54

02 consumption

Question 55

VO2 max

Answer 55

an objective measure of CRP that measures the maximum amount of oxygen that can be consumed and utilized to perform exercises with large muscle groups