Knee joint Flashcards
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Synovial joint
Bicondylar type
What are the articulating surfaces of the knee joint?
Medial and lateral condyles of femur articulating with medial and lateral tibial plateu
Anterior and distal femur articulating with back of patella
What are the articulating surfaces lined with?
Articular hyaline cartilage
What is the advantage of the patella being inside the quadriceps tendon?
Insertion of quadriceps femoris is over knee, into tibial tuberosity, increases efficacy of muscles
Minimises wear and tear of tendon
What is the blood supply to the knee joint?
Genicular anastamoses
by genicular branches of femoral and popliteal arteries
What are menisci?
C-shaped pads of fibrocartilage
Where do the menisci attach?
Both ends of intercondylar area
What does the medial meniscus additionally attach to?
Medial collateral ligament
What are the functions of the menisci?
Shock absorbers
Deepen articular surface of tibia
increasing stability of knee joint
What are the bursa of the knee joint?
Suprapatellar
Infrapatellar - superficial and deep
Prepatellar
Semimembranosus bursa
Where is the suprapatellar bursa located?
Between the quadriceps tendon and the femur
Where is the infrapatellar superficial bursa located?
Between patellar ligament and skin
Where is the infrapatellar deep bursa located?
Between patellar ligamnt and tibia
Where is the prepatellar bursa locared?
Skin and patella
Where is the semimembranosus bursa located?
Between semimembranosus and medial head of gastrocnemius
What are the ligamnents of the knee joint?
Medial collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior crucitate ligament
Where does the medial collateral ligament attach?
Medial epicondyle of femur
Medial surface of tibia
Where does the lateral collateral ligament attach?
Lateral epicondyle of femur
Fibular head
What are the functions of the medial and lateral collateral ligament?
Prevent any medial or lateral movement of knee joint
Where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach?
Anterior intercondylar area of tibia
Posterior intercondylar fossa of femur
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Prevents anterior displacement of tibia under femur
Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach?
Posterior intercondylar area of tibia
Anterior intercondylar fossa of femur
What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?
Prevents posterior displacement of tibia under femur
What are the movements of the knee joint?
Flexion
Extension
Medial rotation
Lateral rotaton
When does rotation of the knee occur?
When knee is flexed only!
Which muscles flex the knee joint?
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Sartorius
Gracilis
Which muscles extend the knee joint?
Quadriceps femoris
Which muscles medially rotate the knee?
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Which muscles laterally rotate the knee?
Biceps femoris
