Knee joint

Question 1

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 1

Synovial joint

Bicondylar type

Question 2

What are the articulating surfaces of the knee joint?

Answer 2

Medial and lateral condyles of femur articulating with medial and lateral tibial plateu

Anterior and distal femur articulating with back of patella

Question 3

What are the articulating surfaces lined with?

Answer 3

Articular hyaline cartilage

Question 4

What is the advantage of the patella being inside the quadriceps tendon?

Answer 4

Insertion of quadriceps femoris is over knee, into tibial tuberosity, increases efficacy of muscles

Minimises wear and tear of tendon

Question 5

What is the blood supply to the knee joint?

Answer 5

Genicular anastamoses

by genicular branches of femoral and popliteal arteries

Question 6

What are menisci?

Answer 6

C-shaped pads of fibrocartilage

Question 7

Where do the menisci attach?

Answer 7

Both ends of intercondylar area

Question 8

What does the medial meniscus additionally attach to?

Answer 8

Medial collateral ligament

Question 9

What are the functions of the menisci?

Answer 9

Shock absorbers

Deepen articular surface of tibia
increasing stability of knee joint

Question 10

What are the bursa of the knee joint?

Answer 10

Suprapatellar
Infrapatellar - superficial and deep
Prepatellar
Semimembranosus bursa

Question 11

Where is the suprapatellar bursa located?

Answer 11

Between the quadriceps tendon and the femur

Question 12

Where is the infrapatellar superficial bursa located?

Answer 12

Between patellar ligament and skin

Question 13

Where is the infrapatellar deep bursa located?

Answer 13

Between patellar ligamnt and tibia

Question 14

Where is the prepatellar bursa locared?

Answer 14

Skin and patella

Question 15

Where is the semimembranosus bursa located?

Answer 15

Between semimembranosus and medial head of gastrocnemius

Question 16

What are the ligamnents of the knee joint?

Answer 16

Medial collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament

Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior crucitate ligament

Question 17

Where does the medial collateral ligament attach?

Answer 17

Medial epicondyle of femur

Medial surface of tibia

Question 18

Where does the lateral collateral ligament attach?

Answer 18

Lateral epicondyle of femur

Fibular head

Question 19

What are the functions of the medial and lateral collateral ligament?

Answer 19

Prevent any medial or lateral movement of knee joint

Question 20

Where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach?

Answer 20

Anterior intercondylar area of tibia

Posterior intercondylar fossa of femur

Question 21

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 21

Prevents anterior displacement of tibia under femur

Question 22

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach?

Answer 22

Posterior intercondylar area of tibia

Anterior intercondylar fossa of femur

Question 23

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 23

Prevents posterior displacement of tibia under femur

Question 24

What are the movements of the knee joint?

Answer 24

Flexion
Extension

Medial rotation
Lateral rotaton

Question 25

When does rotation of the knee occur?

Answer 25

When knee is flexed only!

Question 26

Which muscles flex the knee joint?

Answer 26

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

Sartorius
Gracilis

Question 27

Which muscles extend the knee joint?

Answer 27

Quadriceps femoris

Question 28

Which muscles medially rotate the knee?

Answer 28

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Question 29

Which muscles laterally rotate the knee?

Answer 29

Biceps femoris