Hip joint

Question 1

What type of joint is the hip joint?

Answer 1

Synovial joint

Ball and socket type

Question 2

What are the articulating surfaces of the hip joint?

Answer 2

Head of femur

Acetabulum of pelvis

Question 3

What is the acetabular labrum?

Answer 3

Rim of fibrocartilage around the margin of the acetabulum

Question 4

What is the purpose of the acetabular labrum?

Answer 4

Deepen the cavity of the acetabulum
so head of femur fits into it more
increases stability

Question 5

What are the actebulum and head of femur covered with?

Answer 5

Articular hyaline cartilage

Question 6

The hip joint ligaments can be divided into two groups - what are they?

Answer 6

Intracapsular ligaments - within joint capsule

Extracapsular ligaments - outside of joint capsule

Question 7

What is the intracapsular ligament?

Answer 7

Ligament of head of femur

Question 8

What does the ligament of head of femur attach to?

Answer 8

Acetabular fossa

Fovea of femur

Question 9

What does the ligament of the head of femur enclose?

Answer 9

Artery to head of femur

Question 10

The artery to head of femur branches off…?

Answer 10

Obturator artery

Question 11

What are the extracapsular ligaments?

Answer 11

Iliofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament

Question 12

Where does the iliofemoral ligament attach?

Answer 12

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Intertrochanteric line of femur

Question 13

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

Answer 13

Prevent hyperextension of hip joint

Question 14

Where does the ischiofemoral ligament attach?

Answer 14

Body of ischium

Greater trochanter of femur

Question 15

What is the functon of the ischiofemoral ligament?

Answer 15

Prevent hyperextension of hip joint

Question 16

Where does the pubofemoral ligament attach?

Answer 16

Superior pubic rami

intertrochanteric line of femur

Question 17

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

Answer 17

Prevent excessive abduction

and extension

Question 18

What is the blood supply to the hip joint?

Answer 18

The medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

Question 19

Which of the two arteries is responsible for most of the blood supply to the lower limb? Why?

Answer 19

Medial circumflex femoral artery

Because the lateral circumflex femoral artery has to penetrate the iliofemoral ligament

Question 20

What are the additional blood supplies of the hip joint?

Answer 20

Artery to head of femur

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries

Question 21

What is the primary function of the hip joint?

Answer 21

Weight-bearing - not movement

Question 22

What are the factors that increase stability of the hip joint?

Answer 22

Acetabulum - deep
Acetabular labrum
Ligaments

Question 23

How do the ligaments relate to the muscles?

Answer 23

Anteriorly, muscles are fewer, weaker
but ligaments are stronger

Posteriorly, ligaments are weaker
but muscles are stronger

Question 24

What are the movements of the hip joint?

Answer 24

Flexion
Extension

Abduction
Adduction

Medial rotation
Lateral rotation

Question 25

Which muscles flex at the hip joint?

Answer 25

``` Pectineus Iliopsoas Rectus femoris Sartorius Adductor part of adductor magnus ```

Question 26

Which muscles extend at the hip joint?

Answer 26

Gluteus maximus Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

Question 27

Which muscles abduct at the hip joint?

Answer 27

``` Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Piriformis Superior and inferior gemelli Obturator internus ```

Question 28

Which muscled adduct at the hip joint?

Answer 28

Adductor brevis, longus and adductor part of magnus Gracilis Pectineus

Question 29

Which muscles medially rotate at the hip joint?

Answer 29

Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

Question 30

Which muscles laterally rotate at the hip joint?

Answer 30

Iliopsoas Gluteus maximus Quadratus femoris + all other deep gluteals

Question 31

When is flexion of the hip increased? Why?

Answer 31

When knee is flexed because it relaxes the hamstring muscle