Hip joint Flashcards
What type of joint is the hip joint?
Synovial joint
Ball and socket type
What are the articulating surfaces of the hip joint?
Head of femur
Acetabulum of pelvis
What is the acetabular labrum?
Rim of fibrocartilage around the margin of the acetabulum
What is the purpose of the acetabular labrum?
Deepen the cavity of the acetabulum
so head of femur fits into it more
increases stability
What are the actebulum and head of femur covered with?
Articular hyaline cartilage
The hip joint ligaments can be divided into two groups - what are they?
Intracapsular ligaments - within joint capsule
Extracapsular ligaments - outside of joint capsule
What is the intracapsular ligament?
Ligament of head of femur
What does the ligament of head of femur attach to?
Acetabular fossa
Fovea of femur
What does the ligament of the head of femur enclose?
Artery to head of femur
The artery to head of femur branches off…?
Obturator artery
What are the extracapsular ligaments?
Iliofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Where does the iliofemoral ligament attach?
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Intertrochanteric line of femur
What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?
Prevent hyperextension of hip joint
Where does the ischiofemoral ligament attach?
Body of ischium
Greater trochanter of femur
What is the functon of the ischiofemoral ligament?
Prevent hyperextension of hip joint
Where does the pubofemoral ligament attach?
Superior pubic rami
intertrochanteric line of femur
What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?
Prevent excessive abduction
and extension
What is the blood supply to the hip joint?
The medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
Which of the two arteries is responsible for most of the blood supply to the lower limb? Why?
Medial circumflex femoral artery
Because the lateral circumflex femoral artery has to penetrate the iliofemoral ligament
What are the additional blood supplies of the hip joint?
Artery to head of femur
Superior and inferior gluteal arteries
What is the primary function of the hip joint?
Weight-bearing - not movement
What are the factors that increase stability of the hip joint?
Acetabulum - deep
Acetabular labrum
Ligaments
How do the ligaments relate to the muscles?
Anteriorly, muscles are fewer, weaker
but ligaments are stronger
Posteriorly, ligaments are weaker
but muscles are stronger
What are the movements of the hip joint?
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation
Which muscles flex at the hip joint?
Pectineus Iliopsoas Rectus femoris Sartorius Adductor part of adductor magnus
Which muscles extend at the hip joint?
Gluteus maximus
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Which muscles abduct at the hip joint?
Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Piriformis Superior and inferior gemelli Obturator internus
Which muscled adduct at the hip joint?
Adductor brevis, longus and adductor part of magnus
Gracilis
Pectineus
Which muscles medially rotate at the hip joint?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Which muscles laterally rotate at the hip joint?
Iliopsoas
Gluteus maximus
Quadratus femoris + all other deep gluteals
When is flexion of the hip increased? Why?
When knee is flexed
because it relaxes the hamstring muscle
