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Movement > Knee joint > Flashcards

Knee joint Flashcards

1
Q

joints of the talus

A

ankle joint between talus and bones of leg
sub talar joint - talus and calcaneous
talonavicular joint - between talus and navicular

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2
Q

joints of calcaneous

A

sub-talar joint

calcanocuboid joint

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3
Q

plantar surface of navicular

A

tuberosity for tibialis posterior

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4
Q

inferior surface of cuboid

A

groove for fibularis longus

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5
Q

position of least congruence in knee

A

flexion

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6
Q

what are the menisci

A

fibrocartilage
thicker at external margins
external edges attach the the fibrous capsule of the joint

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7
Q

what improves the stability of the knee

A

ligaments inside the joint - ACL and PCL
ligaments outside the joint - fibular and tibial collateral ligaments
surrounding muscles

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8
Q

patella ligament

A

continuation of quadriceps femoris tendon - inserts onto tibial tuberosity

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9
Q

tibial (medial) collateral ligaments

A

medial epicondyle of femur to medial surface of tibia

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10
Q

fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

A

lateral epicondly of femur to lateral femoral head

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11
Q

anterior cruciate ligament

A

anterior intercondylar region of tibia

ascends posteriorly to attach to femur in intercondylar fossa

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12
Q

posterior cruciate ligament

A

posterior intercondylar region of the tibia

ascends to attach at anterior intercondylar fossa of femur

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13
Q

function of posterior cruciate ligament

A

prevents posterior displacement of tibia on femur
prevents hyperflexion
main stabiliser of flexed knee when weight baring

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14
Q

function of anterior cruciate ligament

A

prevents anterior displacement of tibia oon the femur

prevents hyperextension

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15
Q

what is the unhappy triad of knee injuries

A

excessive lateral twisting of the flexed knee or blow to the lateral side of the extended knee

tibial collateral ligament tears which then tears medial meniscus, ACL may also then tear as it is taut during flexion

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16
Q

extension of the knee

A

quadriceps femoris - inserts onto tibial tuberosity

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17
Q

flexion of the knee

A

produced by hamstrings, gracilis, popliteus and sartorius

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18
Q

lateral rotation of the knee

A

biceps femoris

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19
Q

medial rotation of the knee

A

semi- membranosus, semi-tendinosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

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20
Q

which muscles ‘unlocks’ the knee

A

popliteus

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21
Q

dislocation of the knee is more common in which gender

A

females

- have a larger Q angle - the pull of vastus lateralis is greater

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22
Q

genu varum

A

bow legged
knees point out
tibia adducted

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23
Q

genu valgum

A

knees inwards

tibia abducted with respect to femur

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24
Q

changes seen in osteoarthritis

A

reduced joint space
sclerosis
osteophyte

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25
Q

stability of the ankle joint

A

good congriguity between the malleolar mortice and trochlear - the malleoli ‘grip the talus

very strong ligaments between the bones of the ankle joint
- distal part of the interosseous membrane
anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

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26
Q

the malleoli grip the talus

A

trochlear of talus wider anteriorly
during dorsiflexion the anterior part moves between malleoli
spreads tibia and fibula increasing their grip on talus

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27
Q

most stable position of ankle joint

A

dorsiflexion

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28
Q

lateral ligaments of the ankle joint

A

anterior talofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament

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29
Q

medial ligaments of the ankle joint

A

attached to medial malleolus and fans out to attach to the talus, navicular and calcaneous
- deltoid ligament

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30
Q

muscles that plantarflex the foot

A

posterior compartment of leg except popliteus

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31
Q

nerve supply of muscles that plantar flex the foot

A

tibial

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32
Q

artery of muscles that plantarflex the foot

A

posterior tibial

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33
Q

muscles that dorsiflex the foot

A

anterior compartment of leg

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34
Q

nerve supply of muscles that plantar flex the foot

A

deep fibular (peroneal)

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35
Q

arterial supply to anterior compartment of the leg

A

anterior tibial

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36
Q

joint at which inversion and eversion occur

A

sub-talar - talus and calcaneous

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37
Q

ankle sprain movement

A

inversion injuries

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38
Q

weakest ankle ligament

A

lateral ligament - talofibular ligament

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39
Q

eversion injury effects

A

pull strong medial ligament causing avulsion of medial malleolus
talus rotates laterally fracturing the fibula

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40
Q

function of the foot arches

A

distribute weight
shock absorbers
increase flexibility
springboards for propulsion during walking, running and jumping

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41
Q

3 arches of foot

A

medial longitudinal arch
lateral longitudinal arch
transverse arch

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42
Q

medial longitudinal arch

A 
calcaneus 
talus 
navicular 
3 cuneforms and medial metatarsals 
higher and more important than lateral
43
Q

lateral longitudinal arch

A

calcaneous
cuboid
lateral 2 metatarsals

44
Q

transverse arch

A

cuboid
3 cunieforms
bases of 5 metatarsals

45
Q

how is the stability of the arches maintained

A

passive support - ligaments and shape of the bones

dynamic - intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot

46
Q

what is pes planus

A

can be flexible or rigid
flexible more common - arch not present when walking
loose or degenerating ligament

47
Q

treatment of pes planus

A

may be asymptomatic
displacement of talus inferomedially
causes misalignment of the ankle and knees causing pain
treated with orthotics

48
Q

movements of the foot joints

A

flexion and extension of the metatarsophalangeal and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
limited abduction and adduction

49
Q

muscles in anterior compartment of the leg

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

50
Q

tibialis anterior origin

A

lateral tibia

51
Q

tibialis anterior insertion

A

medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1

52
Q

tibialis anterior innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

53
Q

tibialis anterior function

A

dorsiflexion and eversion

54
Q

extensor digitorum longus origin

A

lateral tibia and medial fibula

55
Q

EDL insertion

A

tendon onto each toe

56
Q

EDL innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

57
Q

EDL function

A

extends 4 toes

58
Q

extensor hallucis longus origin

A

medial fibular shaft

59
Q

extensor hallucis longus insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of great toe

60
Q

extensor hallucis longus innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

61
Q

extensor hallucis longus function

A

extension of great toe and dorsiflexion

62
Q

fibularis tertius origin

A

medial fibula

63
Q

fibularis tertius insertion

A

metatarsal V

64
Q

fibularis tertius function

A

dorsiflexion and eversion

65
Q

fibularis tertius innervation

A

deep fibular nerve

66
Q

fibularis longus origin

A

lateral fibula

67
Q

fibularis longus insertion

A

travels under foot to insert onto medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I

68
Q

fibularis longus innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve

69
Q

fibularis longus funtion

A

eversion and plantarflexion and support arches

70
Q

fibularis brevis origin

A

inferolateral fibular shaft

71
Q

fibularis brevis insertion

A

tubercle on metatarsal V

72
Q

fibularis brevis innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve

73
Q

fibularis brevis function

A

eversion

74
Q

what nerve roots does that calcaneal reflex test

A

S1-2

75
Q

muscles in the posterior compartment of leg

A 
superficial
- gastrocnemius 
- plantaris 
- soleus 
Deep 
- popliteus 
- tibialis posterior 
- flexor digitorum longus 
- flexor hallucis longus
76
Q

gastrocnemius origin

A

medial head = medial condyle of femur

lateral head = lateral condyle

77
Q

gastrocnemius insertion

A

muscle belly combines with soleus

forms calcaneal tendon

78
Q

gastrocnemius innervation

A

tibial nerve

79
Q

gastrocnemius function

A

plantarflex foot and flex knee

80
Q

plantaris origin

A

lateral supracondylar line of femur

81
Q

plantaris insertion

A

calcaneal tendon

82
Q

plantaris innervation

A

tibial nerve

83
Q

plantaris function

A

plantarflexes foot and flexes knee

84
Q

soleus origin

A

soleal line of tibia and proximal fibula

85
Q

soleus insertion

A

calcaneal tendon

86
Q

soleus innervation

A

tibial nerve

87
Q

soleus function

A

plantarflexion

88
Q

popliteus origin

A

posterior surface of proximal tibia

89
Q

popliteus insertion

A

lateral condyle of femur

90
Q

popliteus innervation

A

tibial nerve

91
Q

popliteus function

A

laterally rotates femur on tibia to unlock knee

92
Q

tibialis posterior origin

A

IO membrane between tibia and fibula and associated posterior bones

93
Q

tibialis posterior insertion

A

navicular and medial cuneiform bones

94
Q

tibialis posterior innervation

A

tibial nerve

95
Q

tibialis posterior funtion

A

plantarflex and invert foot

96
Q

flexor digitorum longus origin

A

medial tibia

97
Q

flexor digitorum longus insertion

A

plantar surfaces of 4 digits

98
Q

flexor digitorum longus innervation

A

tibial nerve

99
Q

flexor digitorum longus function

A

flexes toes

100
Q

flexor hallucis longus origin

A

fibula

101
Q

flexor hallucis longus insertion

A

plantar surface of great toe

102
Q

flexor hallucis longus innervation

A

tibial nerve

103
Q

flexor hallucis longus function

A

flex great toe

Movement (8 decks)

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