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Movement > Vertebral column > Flashcards

Vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

What structures does the back include?

A 
skin
subcutaneous tissue 
vertebral column
spinal cord and meninges 
ribs 
nerves and vessels 
muscles
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2
Q

What are the different types of vertebrae and how many of them are there?

A 
cervical (7) 
thoracic (12) 
lumbar (5) 
Sacrum (5 fused) 
coccyx (4 fused)
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3
Q

What are the primary curvatures of the vertebral column?

A

thoracic and sacral kyphosis

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4
Q

what are the secondary curvatures of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical and lumbar lordosis

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5
Q

What is the general plan of a vertebrae?

A 
Body 
Vertebral arch 
- pedicles 
- lamina 
Articular facets 
- superior
- inferior 
Processes 
- transverse 
- spinous 
Vertebral foramen
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6
Q

What passes through the intervertebral foramen?

A

The spinal nerve

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of a cervical vertebrae?

A

small body with elevated uncus
Transverse processes and pedicle with ant and post tubercles
transverse foramina
articular facets - superior directed superioposteriorly
inferior directed infero-anteriorly
spinous process bifid

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8
Q

What is the function of the transverse foramina?

A

passage of vertebral artery and vein to/from brain = not C7

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9
Q

Describe the Atlas (C1)

A

no spinous process or body
anterior and posterior arches which have a tubercle and a lateral mass
tubercle on each medial surface of lateral mass for transverse ligament that holds dens of axis

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10
Q

Describe the axis (C2)

A

two large flat surfaces the superior articular facets upon which the atlas rotates
dens
held in position by transverse ligament of the atlas which prevents horizontal displacement of the atlas

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11
Q

What causes a dens fracture?

A

bone less dense
hyperflexion or hyperextension
spinal cord not usually affected due to transverse ligament

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12
Q

What causes a dislocation of a cervical vertebrae?

A

relatively flat articular facet
prone to dislocation
vertebral foramen wide so may not cause compression of spinal cord

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13
Q

Describe a thoracic vertebrae

A

Heart shaped body
superior and inferior costal demi facets
spinous process long
costal facet on transverse process

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14
Q

Costovertebral joint

A

head of rib articulates with superior demi facet of same vertebrae and inferior demifacet of rib above

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15
Q

Describe a lumbar vertebrae

A

large vertebral body
superior facets face medially
inferior facets face laterally
spinous processes short

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16
Q

What is spondylolithesis

A

movement of one vertebra on another

17
Q

What are the joints called between the superior and inferior articular facets?

A

Zygapophysial

18
Q

What are the movements possible at the vertebral column?

A

Extension, flexion, lateral flexion, rotation

19
Q

What is the annulus fibrosis?

A

peripheral fibrocartilage ring attached to rim of vertebral body

20
Q

what is the nucleus pulposus?

A

central gelatinous substance that acts as shock absorber

21
Q

what does the thickness determine?

A

flexibility

22
Q

What is the ligamentum flavum?

A

binds lamina of adjacent vertebrae

resist hyperflexion

23
Q

What is the anterior longitudinal ligamant

A

runs from occipital bone and C1 to sacrum

resists hyperextension of vertebral column

24
Q

What is the interspinous ligament?

A

between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

25
Q

What is the supraspinous ligament?

A

At end of interspinous ligament

26
Q

What is the intertransverse ligament

A

between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

27
Q

What is whiplash?

A

hyperextension of the cervical neck
anterior longitudinal ligament torn
part of vertebral body is avulsed and vertebrae dislocate

28
Q

Who is osteoporosis most common in?

A

post menopausal women

29
Q

What happens in osteoporosis

A

loss of trabeculae

compression fracture

30
Q

What are the effects of aging on vertebrae?

A

loss of bone density with age leads to concave vertebral bodies
this puts increased force on rims of vertebrae and osteophytes develop

31
Q

What is herniation of the nucleus pulposus?

A

‘slipped disc’

32
Q

What level of the vertebral column does this occur?

A

normally L4/5 or L5/S1

33
Q

What can herniation of nucleus pulposus cause?

A

compression of spinal nerve roots - lower back pain or sciatica
or in severe cases compression of most of the cauda equina - cauda equina syndrome

Movement (8 decks)

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