Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kinesiology > Knee Joint > Flashcards

Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

How many degrees of freedom does the knee joint have

A
  • 2 DOF
  • flexion/extension
  • internal/external rotation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the ACL run

A
  • runs from anterior tibia to posterior femur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the femur

A
  • medial condyle projects further to account for femur angulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the tibia

A
  • medial condyle is 50% larger than the lateral condyle and is slightly concave
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the patellar groove

A
  • groove is higher on the lateral side to help restrain the patella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Purpose of the intercondylar notch

A
  • provides passage for the ACL and PCL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define genu valgum

A
  • less than 170 degrees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define genu varum

A
  • 180 degrees or higher
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal genu angle

A
  • 170 to 175 degrees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What reinforces the anterior capsule

A
  • patellar reticular fibers
  • quadriceps femoris
  • patellar tendon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What reinforces the lateral capsule

A
  • LCL
  • lateral patellar reticular fibers
  • IT band
  • biceps femoris
  • tendon head of gastrocnemius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What reinforces the posterior capsule

A
  • oblique popliteal ligament
  • arcuate popliteal ligament
  • popliteus
  • gastrocnemius
  • hamstrings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What limits knee hyperextension ROM

A
  • posterior capsule reinforcements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What reinforces the medial capsule

A
  • MCL
  • medial patellar retinacular fibers
  • expansions from semimembranosus
  • sartorius
  • gracilis
  • semitendinosus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe bursae

A
  • up to 14 in the knee
  • protect important tissue from friction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What enhances tibiofemoral articular congruence

A
  • menisci
  • capsule
  • ligaments
  • muscles
  • bodyweight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do the menisci look like

A
  • medial menisci is C-shaped
  • lateral menisci is O-shaped
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the menisci

A
  • function as shock absorbers, increase contact area, & weight distributors
  • only the outer 1/3 is vascularized which is dense with Ruffini/Pacinian corpuscles & GTOs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Normal flexion & extension ROM

A

Flexion: about 130 to 140 degrees
Extension: about 5 to 10 degrees past straight

20
Q

What direction is roll and slide during tibial on femoral extension

A
  • same direction
21
Q

What direction is roll and slide in during femoral to tibial extension

A
  • opposite directions
22
Q

Describe the screw home mechanism

A
  • tibia rotates laterally/externally as it moves into extension
  • femur rotates medially/internally as it moves into extension
  • occurs in terminal 30 degrees of extension
  • popliteus “unlocks” the screw home position
23
Q

Normal internal & external rotation ROM

A
  • at 90 degrees knee flexion you have 40 to 45 degrees of total transverse ROM
  • at 0 degrees knee flexion you have no transverse ROM
24
Q

What is the close packed position for the knee

A
  • full knee extension
25
Q

Describe the MCL

A
  • primarily resists valgus
  • also resists external rotation and some internal rotation
  • moving distally it runs posterior to anterior
26
Q

Describe the LCL

A
  • thick, cord like, vertically oriented
  • blends with biceps femoris
  • primarily resists varus
  • also resists axial rotation, probably more external rotation
  • does not attach to lateral meniscus
27
Q

When is the ACL taut

A
  • increasingly taut in extension
  • resists anterior tibial translation & tibial internal rotation
  • obliquely oriented
28
Q

When is the PCL taut

A
  • increasingly taut in flexion
  • resists posterior tibial translation on a fixed femur
29
Q

ACL mechanism of injury

A
  • landing and cutting mechanics are thought to predispose ACL to injury
  • typically associated with valgus collapse
30
Q

Normal translation for anterior tibial on femur

A
  • 10 mm
31
Q

What decreases the tension on the ACL during knee flexion

A
  • when the hamstrings fire with the quads
32
Q

Where is the maximal contact between the patella and femur

A
  • maximal contact at 90 to 60 degrees knee flexion
33
Q

What causes the bowstring effect at the patella

A
  • the quads line of pull is slightly lateral
34
Q

Describe the Q-angle

A
  • the intersection of ASIS to center of patella to tibial tuberosity
  • represents line of pull of quads
  • normal for females is 18 to 22 degrees
  • normal for males is 15 to 18 degrees
35
Q

How much is knee extension is rectus femoris responsible for

A
  • about 20 % and is also a powerful hip flexor
36
Q

At what degree does the external torque on the knee joint hit the red zone for both femoral to tibia and tibia on femoral

A
  • 45 degrees of knee flexion
37
Q

Maximum extension torque production coincides with both

A
  • maximum internal moment arm
  • mid range muscle length
  • maximal leverage for internal extensor torque production occurs between 60 to 20 degrees knee extension
38
Q

When is max flexion torque on the hamstrings

A
  • maximized near full knee extension between 50 to 90 degrees knee extension
  • combined internal & external rotation torque potential maximized near 90 degrees knee flexion
39
Q

Maximum torque production based on quadriceps : hamstring ratio

A
  • 3:2 ratio mostly coming from quads
40
Q

Normal weight bearing in gait

A
  • line of force passes slightly medial to joint center with slightly higher weight bearing on medial condyle
  • valgus -> increased force on lateral condyle
  • varus -> increased force on medial condyle
41
Q

Medial meniscus connective tissue attachments

A
  • coronary ligaments, transverse ligament
  • MCL, ACL
  • quadriceps, semimembranosus
42
Q

Lateral meniscus connective tissue attachments

A
  • coronary ligaments
  • ACL, PCL
  • wuadriceps, semimembranosus, popliteus
43
Q

What can cause windswept defomity

A
  • a poorly fitted wheelchair
44
Q

What can cause windswept deformity

A
  • a poorly fitted wheelchair
45
Q

Describe squinting patella

A
  • patella points medially & is tilted I the frontal plane

Kinesiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions