Hand Flashcards
1
Q
Where does the entry of the carpal tunnel start
A
- starts at the distal wrist crease
2
Q
Which surface of the hand is concave and convex
A
- palmer is concave
- dorsal is convex
3
Q
How many degrees is the thumb rotated
A
- 90 degrees along the longitudinal axis to face palmerly
4
Q
Define prehension
A
- grabbing things
5
Q
How many degrees of freedom does the thumb have
A
- 2 DOF
6
Q
What motion is the 2nd and 3rd digit locked into and by what
A
- locked into frontal motion due to ligament restraints
7
Q
What motions doe the 4th and 5th CMC joints have
A
- flexion and extension
- internal and external rotation
8
Q
ROM for 4th CMC joint
A
- 20 degrees flexion
- 30 degrees rotation
9
Q
ROM for 5th CMC joint
A
- 30 degrees flexion
- 20 degrees rotation
10
Q
ROM for 2nd and 3rd CMC joints
A
- no ROM
11
Q
What direction is roll and slide in for thumb abd/adduction
A
- opposite directions
12
Q
What direction is roll and slide in for thumb flexion/extension
A
- same direction
13
Q
Thumb CMC extension is coupled with
A
- lateral rotation
14
Q
Thumb CMC flexion is coupled with
A
- medial rotation
15
Q
Describe phase I of opposition
A
- metacarpal abduction
16
Q
Describe phase II of opposition
A
- metacarpal flexion and medial rotation
17
Q
What is the closed packed position for the thumb
A
- full opposition
18
Q
What does the palmer plate do
A
- it provides stability in MCP extension
19
Q
What connects the 2nd-5th palmer plates
A
- deep transverse carpal ligament
20
Q
AROM for MCP flexion
A
- 90 degrees
21
Q
Progression of MCP flexion from 2nd digit to 5th digit
A
- 2nd has 90 degrees of flexion and every finger after has an extra 5 degrees
22
Q
AROM for MCP extension
A
- 30-45 degrees of hyperextension at any MCP
23
Q
ROM for MCP abduction
A
- 20 degrees
24
Q
How many degrees of freedom do MCP joints have
A
- 2 DOF
25
When is the collateral ligament cords (radial & ulnar) tense
- tense when in flexion
26
What is the closed packed position for MCP joints
- full flexion
27
How many degrees of freedom does the thumb MCP joint have
- 1 DOF
28
How many degrees of freedom does the thumb CMC have
- 2 DOF
29
What direction is roll & slide in at the MCP joint
- same direction
30
What direction is roll & slide in at the PIP & DIP joints
- same direction
31
How many degrees of freedom does the PIP & DIP joints have
- 1 DOF
32
What abducts and adducts the PIP & DIP joints
- collateral ligament cords
33
What is closed packed position for PIP & DIP joints
- extension
34
When are the palmer plates put under tension
- in PIP & DIP extension
35
How much hyperextension is at the PIP joints
- no hyperextension
36
How much hyperextension is at the DIP joints
- 30 degrees
37
ROM for thumb IP joint flexion
- 70 degrees
38
ROM for thumb IP joint extension
- 20 degrees hyperextension
39
What is the position of function
- wrist 20-30 degrees extension
- thumb CMC 35-45 degrees abduction & 35-45 degrees flexion
- MCPs 45 degrees of flexion
- PIP & DIP joints 15 degrees of flexion
40
What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate
- medial flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- hypo thenar muscles
- dorsal interossei
41
What is required for isolate PIP or DID flexion
- extensor stabilization
42
What do palmer interossei do
- adduct the digits
43
What do dorsal interossei do
- abduct the digits
44
What structures are in the carpal tunnel
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor pollicis longus
- median nerve
45
What is tenodesis grasp
- full extension of the wrist causes tension in the finger flexors
46
Purpose of the extensor mechanism
- creates tension on both sides to help prevent wiggling
47
Describe finger extension
- at first only extensor digitorum
- lumbricals & interosseous prevent hyperextension
- intrinsic muscles activate to stabilize and prevent hyperextension of MCP
48
What does the abductor policis longus do
- abducts the CMC joint
- extends the MC
49
What does the extensor policis longus do
- extends the IP & CMC
50
What does the extensor pollicis brevis do
- extends MCP & CMC
51
What muscles make up the thenar eminence
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- opponens pollicis
52
What nerve innverates the thenar muscles
- median nerve
53
What nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles
- unlar nerve
54
What muscles make up the hypothenar
- flexor digiti minimi
- abductor digiti minimi
- opponens digiti minimi
55
What is the intrinsic plus position
- PIP & DIP extension
- MCP flexion
56
Describe swan neck deformity
- MCP flexion
- PIP hyperextension
- DIP flexion
57
Describe boutonniere deformity
- MCP extension
- PIP flexion
- DIP hyperextension
58
Describe mallet finger
- can not extend the DIP joint
