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Kinesiology > Hip Joint > Flashcards

Hip Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the innominate

A
  • ilium, pubis, ischium
  • connects the pubic symphysis anteriorly & the sacrum posteriorly
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2
Q

Describe the innominate functions

A
  • common attachment
  • force transmitter
  • organ support
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3
Q

Describe the anatomy of the femur

A
  • the head goes hard lateral, inferior, and medial
  • curved so that the anterior side is convex & tension while posterior side is concave & compression forces
  • linea alba splits into medial & lateral supracondylar lines
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4
Q

How many degrees of freedom does the hip joint have

A
  • 3 DOF
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5
Q

Describe the angle of inclination

A
  • normal at birth: about 165 degrees
  • normal in adulthood: about 125 degrees
  • Coxa Vara: about 105 degrees
  • Coxa valga: about 140 degrees
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6
Q

Describe the angle of torsion

A
  • normal: about 15 degree
  • at birth: about 40 degrees
  • anteversion is considered greater than 15 degrees
  • retroversion is considered less than 15 degrees
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7
Q

What is the typical compensation for excessive anteversion

A
  • walking with toes pointed inward
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8
Q

What does excessive anteversion tend to be linked with

A
  • cerebral palsy
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9
Q

Describe the acetabulum

A
  • faces anterior, inferior, and lateral
  • fossa is not usually in contact with the femur
  • the superior & anterior portions have the greatest cartilage thickness which reflects loading patterns during gait
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10
Q

Describe the center edge angle

A
  • how much does the acetabulum cover the femoral head
  • normal: 35 degrees
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11
Q

Describe lower center edge angle

A
  • the acetabulum is not covering as much of the femoral head
  • consequences include less joint compaction during normal loading, can dislocate, less of an interface can increase contact pressures, stability problems, exposure, & can wear and tear
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12
Q

Describe high center edge angle problems

A
  • mobility problems
  • decrease ROM
  • impingement issues
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13
Q

What motions does the iliofemoral ligament limit

A
  • limits hip extension
  • external rotation
  • internal rotation when in hip extension
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14
Q

What motions does the ischiofemoral ligament limit

A
  • limits internal rotation
  • extension
  • inferior fibers limit flexion
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15
Q

Describe what happens to the ligaments during hip extension

A
  • hip extension creates a spring like mechanism of the ischiofemoral & iliofemoral ligaments
  • can use passive restraint for hip control by relying on ligamentous structures
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16
Q

What is the position of max articular congruence

A
  • flexion
  • abduction
  • external rotation
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17
Q

What is the close packed position for the hip joint

A
  • extension
  • slight abduction
  • slight internal rotation about 5 to 10 degrees
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18
Q

What is the position the tensions iliopsoas

A
  • internal rotation
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19
Q

What is the position for high risk posterior dislocation

A
  • adduction & flexion
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20
Q

Describe femoral on pelvic rotation in the sagittal plane

A
  • 120 degrees passive flexion
  • about 70 to 80 degrees with straight knee
  • about 20 degrees of extension
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21
Q

Describe femoral on pelvic rotation in the frontal plane

A
  • 40 to 45 degrees of abduction
  • 25 degrees of adduction
22
Q

Describe femoral on pelvic rotation in the transverse plane

A
  • 35 degrees of internal rotation
  • 45 degrees of external rotation
23
Q

What limits hip abduction

A
  • adductors
  • pubofemoral
24
Q

What limits hip adduction

A
  • glute medius
  • periformis
  • tensor fascia latae
  • mechanical restrictions on the medial aspect of the hip
25
Q

What limits hip internal rotation

A
  • ischialfemoral ligament
  • periformis
  • some external rotation muscles
26
Q

What limits hip external rotation

A
  • iliofemoral
  • pubofemoral ligament
27
Q

Describe pelvic of femoral rotation in the sagittal plane

A
  • anterior tilt: about 30 degrees in sitting
  • posterior tilt: about 10 to 20 degrees
28
Q

Describe pelvic on femoral rotation in the frontal plane

A
  • about 30 degrees of abduction
29
Q

Describe pelvic on femoral rotation in the transverse plane

A
  • internal rotation moves the opposite iliac crest anteriorly
30
Q

Define nulling

A
  • means to off set something
31
Q

Define contradirectional

A
  • when the pelvis tilts forward the upper spine is moving the opposite way for relative joint angles
32
Q

Is the femoral head and acetabulum concave or convex

A

Femoral head: convex
Acetabulum: concave

33
Q

Primary hip flexors

A
  • psoas major
  • iliacus
  • tensor fascia latae
  • sartorius
  • rectus femoris
  • adductor longus
  • pectineus
34
Q

Secondary hip flexors

A
  • gracilis
  • glute minimus (anterior fibers)
  • adductor brevis
35
Q

How does a hip flexor contractor change the line of gravity

A
  • puts it anterior to the ankle
  • posterior to the knee
  • anterior to the hip
36
Q

Primary hip adductors

A
  • pectineus
  • adductors (longus, brevis, & magnus)
37
Q

Secondary hip adductors

A
  • biceps femoris (long head)
  • glute maximus
  • quadratus femoris
  • obturator externus
38
Q

When do hip adductors act as adductors, flexors, & extensors

A
  • adductors when in 40 to 70 degrees of flexion
  • extensors when in more than 70 degrees of flexion
  • flexors when just below 40 degrees of flexion
39
Q

Primary hip internal rotators

A
  • none
40
Q

Secondary hip internal rotators

A
  • glute medius/minimus
  • tensor fascia latae
  • adductor longus/brevis
  • pectineus
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
41
Q

Stance side internal rotator muscles act to move the swing side hip/pelvis forward during gait (True/False)

A
  • True
42
Q

Hip internal rotators moment arm increase as the hip does what

A
  • moment arm increases as the hip goes further into flexion
43
Q

Primary hip extensors

A
  • glute maximus
  • biceps femoris (long head)
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
  • adductor magnus (posterior head)
44
Q

Secondary hip extensors

A
  • glute medius (posterior fibers)
  • adductor magnus (anterior head)
45
Q

What muscles are coupled to create posterior tilt of the pelvis

A
  • hip extensors and abdominals
46
Q

What limits posterior tilt ROM and anterior tilt ROM

A
  • capsular ligaments limit posterior tilt
  • lumbar facets limit anterior tilt
47
Q

What moment arms increase and decrease during a “good morning”

A
  • hamstring moment arm increases
  • glute moment arm decrease
48
Q

Primary hip abductors

A
  • glute medius/minimus
  • tensor fascia latae
49
Q

Secondary hip abductors

A
  • piriformis
  • sartorius
  • rectus femoris
  • glute maximus (anterior/superior fibers)
50
Q

Primary hip external rotators

A
  • glute maximus
  • piriformis
  • obturator internus
  • gemellus superior/inferior
  • quadratus femoris
  • sartorius
51
Q

Secondary hip external rotators

A
  • glute medius/minimus
  • obturator externus
  • biceps femoris
52
Q

In single limb support hip external rotator muscles rotate the contralateral side posteriorly (True/False)

A
  • True

Kinesiology (10 decks)

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