Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kinesiology > Ankle/Foot Complex > Flashcards

Ankle/Foot Complex Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the tibia

A
  • broad distally & maximizes contact area for force transmission
  • twists externally around long axis 20-30 degrees is normal
  • articular concavity for distal fibula
  • primary load bearing bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the fibula

A
  • lateral malleolus functions as pulley
  • medial aspect of lateral malleolus = facet for talus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the projection of the talus

A
  • projects distally & medially at about 30 degrees in adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the function of the talocrural articulation

A
  • permits mostly sagittal plane motion
  • plantar & dorsiflexion is possible at this joint & at other joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the calcaneus

A
  • provides attachment site for the achilles tendon
  • on the plantar side forms attachments site for the intrinsic foot muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can the navicular tuberosity be used to assess

A
  • can assess foot arch drop/collapse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What surface of the metatarsals & phalanges are concave and convex

A
  • plantar surface of the metatarsals is concave
  • the base of the phalanges are concave and the heads are convex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the cardinal plane motions of the foot

A
  • dorsiflexion
  • plantar flexion
  • inversion and eversion
  • abduction and adduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the oblique axis motions of the foot

A
  • pronation which couples DF, eversion, & abduction
  • supination which couples PF, inversion, & adduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the tibiofibular joint

A
  • shares capsule with knee & is reinforced by the anterior & posterior tib-fib ligaments, popliteal tendon, & LCL
  • minimal translation
  • dorsiflexion is anterolateral glide at proximal tib-fib
  • plantar flexion is posteromedial glide at proximal tib-fib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Weight bearing and sprain at the distal tibiofibular joint

A
  • 90% tibia
  • 10% fibula during weight bearing
  • site of high ankle sprain
  • MOI for high ankle sprain is loaded dorsiflexion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the shape of the talocrural joint (TCJ)

A
  • the shape of a carpenters mortise joint (upside down U-shape over a box)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What ligaments make up the LCL of the ankle

A
  • anterior & posterior talofibular ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the deltoid ligament

A
  • includes: tibionavicular fibers, tibiocalcaneal fibers, & tibiotalar fibers
  • limits eversion
  • located on the medial side of the ankle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the lateral ankle ligaments

A
  • limits a combination of abduction &/or inversion
  • anterior talofibular ligament is related to an inversion sprain
  • posterior talofibular ligament is tensioned in abduction; fibula has to move forward & twist internally
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe talocrural joint motion

A
  • little bit of abduction & a little bit of eversion when dorsiflex
  • 1 DOF; primary motion is plantar & dorsiflexion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ROM at the talocrural joint

A
  • dorsiflexion = 15 - 25 degrees
  • plantar flexion = 40 - 55 degrees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Roll and slide motions at the talocrural joint

A
  • open chain dorsiflexion is anterior roll & posterior slide of talus
  • LCL tensions with anterior tallor translation (Dorsiflexion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What limits DF & PF at the talocrural joint

A
  • DF: gastric, soleus, & anterior talon width
  • PF: connective tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What stabilizes and supports the subtler joint

A
  • cervical ligament & talocalcaneal ligament are primary ligamentous restraints
  • calcaneofibular & tibiocalcaneal are secondary stabilizers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Motions of the subtalar joint

A
  • pronation; eversion & abduction
  • supination; inversion & adduction
  • minimal DF/PF
22
Q

Roll and slide at the subtalar joint

A
  • Pronation has medial slide
  • Supination has lateral side
23
Q

What motion occurs at the transverse tarsal joint (TTJ)

A
  • supination
  • pronation
  • allows foot to conform to surfaces
24
Q

Describe the functions of the calcaneocuboid joint

A
  • provides a lot a stability
  • stabilizes the lateral longitudinal column of the foot with capsular & ligamentous support
25
Q

Describe navicular motion at the talonavicular joint

A
  • navicular spins to create pronation/supination
26
Q

Describe the glides at the calcaneocuboid joint

A
  • supination has inferior/medial glide (cuboid with respect to calcaneus)
27
Q

Describe the motions at the transverse tarsal joint combined with subtalar motion

A
  • if weight bearing there is more motion available
  • position of the subtalar joint affect the transverse tarsal joint motion
  • supination at subtalar stiffens transverse tarsal joint at the mid foot
28
Q

Function of the medial longitudinal arch

A
  • function is to help us transition from weight bearing & non-weight bearing phases of gait
  • stiffens up during terminal stance phase of gait to act as a lever
  • during weight acceptance the arch flattens/spread out & acts like shock absorption
  • plantar fascia & spring ligament are supporting structures; MTP extension tensions the plantar fascia
29
Q

Define pes planus

A
  • flattened/fallen arches
  • might see callused
  • can be flexible or rigid
30
Q

Define pes cavus

A
  • high arch
  • primary concern is with load acceptance
  • person might be a stiff walker & transfers loads abruptly
31
Q

What part of gait has the highest medial arch

A
  • from heal off to toe off
32
Q

What is coupled with subtalar joint pronation and supination

A
  • pronation is coupled with tibia & femoral internal rotation
  • supination is coupled with tibial & femoral external rotation
33
Q

Describe the inter tarsal joints

A
  • quite stiff
  • gives stability to the transverse arch
34
Q

What is the reference for the transverse arch

A
  • the 2nd ray
35
Q

Coupling motions at the tarsometatarsal joints

A
  • dorsiflexion is paired with inversion
  • plantar flexion is paired with eversion
36
Q

Roll and slides & ROM of the metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP)

A
  • flexion is 30-40 degrees
  • extension is 65-85 degrees with dorsal roll/glide
  • adduction & abduction is minimal with medial roll/glide
37
Q

What muscles are in the anterior compartment & innervation

A
  • deep fibular nerve
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor hallucis longus
    -extensor digitorum longus
38
Q

What muscles are in the lateral compartment & innervation

A
  • superficial fibular nerve
  • fibularis longus
  • fibularis brevis
39
Q

What muscles are in the posterior compartment & innervation

A
  • tibial nerve
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • gastroc
  • soleus
40
Q

Describe the anterior compartment (pre-tibial)

A
  • all are dorsiflexors
  • eccentric contraction in early stance phase
  • activated during swing phase to ensure foot clearance
41
Q

Describe the lateral compartment

A
  • evertors, plantar flexors, & abductors
  • active in stance phase of gait
  • early rear foot pronation
  • mid/late decelerating subtalar supination
  • late plantar flex & contribute to contralateral weight transfer
42
Q

Describe the posterior compartment

A
  • superficial muscles are plantar flexors (gastric & soleus)
  • deep muscles are investors (tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, & flexor digitorum longus)
  • except for fibularis longus & fibularis brevis all talocrural joint plantar flexors also supinate the subtalar & transverse tarsal joint
43
Q

What is the ankle’s most powerful motion

A
  • plantar flexion
  • greatest torque near full dorsiflexion
44
Q

What lever class is the achilles tendon

A
  • 2nd class lever (mechanical advantage) when standing on tiptoes
  • the trade off is it must cover a greater linear distance
45
Q

Describe pes equinovarus

A
  • loss of both the anterior and lateral compartments resulting in foot drop with supinated/inverted foot posture (pes varus)
46
Q

Describe pes calcaneus

A
  • hypertrophy heel pad associated with chronically going into heel strike on a rigidly dorsiflexed ankle
47
Q

Describe pes valgus

A
  • everted & abducted foot
  • might see callus on the medial longitudinal arch
48
Q

Describe the windlass effect

A
  • increased tension in the medial longitudinal arch associated with metatarsalphalangeal extension
  • attributed to plantar fascia
  • adds rigidity during push off
49
Q

Describe hallux limitus

A
  • turf toe
  • hyperextension injury of the great toe
  • may lead to avoiding extension in gait
50
Q

Describe hallux valgus

A
  • bunion
  • tarsometatarsal adduction with possible lateral metatarsalphalangeal dislocation & eversion
  • self perpetuating collapse following tendon displacement
51
Q

Ways to move the knee without knee muscle activation

A
  • dorsiflexion of the ankle & hip flexion can flex the knee
  • plantar flexion & hip extension can indirectly extend the knee
52
Q

What muscles are in the tarsal tunnel

A
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus

Kinesiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions