Knee Assessment Flashcards
ACL Rupture - Special Tests (3)
Lachman’s test
Anterior drawer test
Lever’s sign
PCL Rupture - Special Tests (2)
Posterior drawer test
Posterior sag sign
Meniscal Tear - Special Tests (2)
McMurray’s test
Thessaly’s test
Lachman’s Test and Anterior Drawer Test - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs
ACL rupture.
Laxity compared to the other side.
Have to check first if PCL is okay. Tibia drops posteriorly due to gravity with a PCL rupture, when doing ACL test you move tibia from posterior position to neutral.
Lever’s Sign - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs
ACL Rupture.
Leg doesn’t lift up when femur is pushed down.
Posterior Drawer Test - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs
PCL Rupture.
Laxity compared to contralateral leg. Soft and mushy end field.
Posterior Sag Sign - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs
PCL Rupture.
Tibial tuberosity posterior to femoral condyles + anterior translation of tibia during active extension (quads pulling tibia forward).
Valgus Stress Test - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs
MCL Tear/Rupture.
Grade 1: pain over ligament.
Grade 2: pain and firm end field.
Grade 3: pain and laxity or no pain and laxity (rupture).
Varus Stress Test - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs
LCL Tear/Rupture.
Pain and/or laxity depending on the grade.
McMurray’s Test - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs and Movements
Meniscal tear.
Pain, clicking or locking.
External rotation of tibia and passive knee extension -> medial meniscus.
Internal rotation of tibia and passive knee extension -> lateral meniscus.
Thessaly’s Test - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs
Meniscus Tear.
Pain in joint line during rotation.
Grind/Clarke’s Test - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs
Patellofemoral pain, chondromalacia patellae.
Reproduction of pain, crepitus.
