Common Injuries of the Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS or Shin Splints) - Characteristics and Risk Factors (9)

A

Exercise induced pain medial posterior tibial border.
Dysfunction of A and P tibialis.
Runners, dancers, female, military.
↑BMI, ↑ pronation, ↑ hip ER or IR, shoe design, training error.

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2
Q

MTSS - Signs and Symptoms (4) (early/later stage)

A

Diffused pain on posteromedial border.
Tenderness on palpation for several days after activity.
Early: pain at beginning of exercise, decreases with warm-up.
Later: Can present during rest.

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3
Q

MTSS - Assessment (4)

A

Alignment & gait biomechanics:
Muscle length, strength, endurance(calf).
Foot arch abnormalities.
Leg length discrepancies.

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4
Q

Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome (CECS) - Characteristics

A

↑ pressure in muscle compartment (tight connective tissue).
↓ Blood flow, ↓ tissue perfusion.
Endurance athletes, bilateral.

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5
Q

CECS - Symptoms (2)

A

No pain at rest.
Pain and tightness increases with exertion, resolves within minutes of stopping.

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6
Q

CECS - Assessment (6)

A

No special tests.
Tense compartment on palpation.
Limb and foot alignment.
Training surface/shoe assessment.
Intracompartmental pressure measure.
Length of soleus and gastroc.
Pelvic/hip/knee control while running.

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7
Q

Achilles Tendinopathy - Signs and Symptoms (6)

A

Gradual onset.
Morning stiffness/pain (ease w/movement).
Pain on tendon, mid portion.
Possible tendon thickening.
Pain with resisted PF and stretching.
Pain and stiffness following activity.

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8
Q

Achilles Tendinopathy - Risk Factors (4)

A

↑ BMI
Diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, inflammatory arthritis.
Change in load, ↑ explosive movement (jumping).
Change in footwear or training surface.

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9
Q

Achilles Tendinopathy - Objective Examination (5)

A

No special test.
Symmetry between muscle and tendon.
Tendon thickening/pain on palpation.
Calf raise/hopping: pain response.
Dorsi flexion range (WB lunge test).
VISA-A outcome measure.

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10
Q

Achilles Tendon Rupture - Mechanism of Injury and Special Test

A

MOI: Full knee ext., strong PF contraction (pushing off ground).
Thomson squeeze test.

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11
Q

Achilles Tendon Rupture - Signs and Symptoms (4)

A

Sudden loud snap.
Unable to continue activity.
Bruising and swelling.
May have weak PF.

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12
Q

Gastroc Tear/strain - MOI and Characteristics (most common)

A

Medial head, middle age/older or young athlete playing tennis or other.
MOI: running, jumping. Eccentric DF with Knee extension, excessive stretch and forceful contraction.

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13
Q

Gastroc Tear/Strain - Signs and Symptoms (4)

A

Immediate pain.
Swelling.
Might be unable to walk due to intense pain (depends on grade).
Tenderness on tear site.
Palpable defect (grade 3).

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14
Q

Gastroc Tear/Strain - Objective Assessment (4)

A

Antalgic gait, bruising, swelling.
Palpable defect (grade 3).
Pain in active and passive DF.
Pain in resisted PF with knee ext.

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15
Q

Grading of Muscle Tears - Grade 1

A

Mild. Able to continue activity.
Minimal loss of ROM and strength.
Minimal muscle fibers disrupted <10%.

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16
Q

Grading of Muscle Tears - Grade 2

A

Moderate. Might be difficult to walk.
10-50% muscle fiber disruption.

17
Q

Grading of Muscle Tears - Grade 3

A

Severe. Palpable defect.
Complete disruption of muscle continuity (full thickness tear).
50-100% muscle fiber disruption.