Foot and Ankle Assessment

Question 1

Knee to Wall Test (WB Lunge Test) - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs

Answer 1

Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome. Achilles tendinopathy. Testing soleus.
> 14cm from toe to wall: excessive range.
< 11cm from toe to wall: limited range.

Question 2

Thompson Squeeze Test -Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs

Answer 2

Achilles tendon rupture.
Can’t see the tendon and no plantar flexion when squeezed.

Question 3

Ottawa Ankle Rules - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs

Answer 3

Ankle/foot fracture.
Painful palpation: lateral malleoli and 5th metatarsal, medial malleoli and navicular. 6 cm proximally from malleoli on tibia and fibula.
Patient can’t walk approximately 4 steps.

Question 4

Anterior Drawer Test - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs

Answer 4

Anterior talofibular ligament sprain/rupture.
Primarily looking for laxity.

Question 5

Talar Tilt Test - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs and Movements

Answer 5

LCL and MCL sprains/ruptures.
Looking for pain and laxity.
LCL:
- ATFL: 15° plantarflexion + tilt into inversion.
- CFL: Neutral + tilt into inversion.
- PTFL: full dorsiflexion + tilt into inversion.
MCL: Neutral + tilt into eversion.

Question 6

Syndesmosis Squeeze Test - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs

Answer 6

Syndesmosis Injury (high ankle sprain).
Pain on distal tibiofibular joint.

Question 7

Syndesmosis External Rotation Test - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs

Answer 7

Syndesmosis injury (high ankle sprain).
Pain or sensation of gapping in anterolateral ankle.

Question 8

Windlass Test - Structures/Pathology and Positive Signs

Answer 8

Plantar fasciopathy.
Reproducing symptoms/pain on medial calcaneus.