Knee Flashcards
Measurements between the ASIS and the tabletop:
- Less than 19 cm
- 19-24 cm
- Greater than 24 cm
- 3-5 degrees caudal
- Perpendicular CR
- 3-5 degrees cephalic
AP Projection (essential):
- Place pt in __1__ position
- Center IR __2__ below the __3__
- Adjust leg so that __4__ are parallel with IR (patella will lie slightly medial)
- CR __5__ inferior to the patellar apex
- Supine
- 1/2”
- Apex
- Femoral epicondyles
- 1/2”
Evaluation Criteria for an AP knee:
- Open _____
- Patella completely superimposed over ____
- No rotation of the ____ and ____
- Slight superimposition of the ______
- Femorotibial
- Femur
- Femur and tibia
- Fibular head
The only reason to do a PA Projection of the knee?
To put patella closer to the IR
Three method names that may be performed to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa of the knee/femur joint
- Holmblad
- Camp Coventry
- Beclere
3 projections utilized for a routine patella series:
- PA
- Lateral (Mediolateral)
- Tansgental (Settegast Method)
What order should routine knee be performed and why?
PA, lateral, and sunrise to identify a fx before moving pt.
2 things demonstrated on an axial patella image
- Vertical fx
- Medial and lateral condyle
Patella in profile
Patella-femoral space
Method that will demonstrate the majority of the patella without having superimposition
Kuchendorf
The axial patella will demonstrate _____ fractures of the patella
Vertical
The lateral patella will demonstrate ____ fractures of the patella
Transverse
For a prone pt with their lower leg flexed 50 degrees up from the table and their for resting on a support to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa, the CR angle should be ______
50 degrees caudal
When the AP medial oblique projection of the knee is performed the patella will be seen
Over the medial femoral condyle
For proper positioning of methods used to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa the CR should be ______
Perpendicular to lower leg
Flex the knee joint 5-10 degrees
Lateral patella
Hyperflex the knee joint
Settegast
Flex the knee joint 40 degrees
Camp conventry
Adjust intercondylar plane parallel to the IR
PA patella
Flex the knee joint 60 degrees
Beclere method
Adjust femur forward 20 degrees
Holmblad
The AP upright projection weight bearing exam of the knee will require the CR to be placed
Horizontal
The AP upright position/projection will demonstrate _______
Tibiofemoral joint space narrowing
The proper CR angle for the pt size for the AP projection knees:
- 19-24 cm
- <24 cm
- > 19 cmap
- Perpendicular to IR
- 3-5 degrees Cephalic
- 3-5 degrees caudal
The inferior portion of the patella is the _____
Apex
The medial and lateral AP oblique projections of the knee require the leg to be rotated _____ degrees
45
The CR should be directed to __1__ inferior to the __2__ for the AP and AP oblique projections of the knee.
- 1/2”
2. Apex
The CR should be directed 1” distal the the __1__ for a lateral knee
Medial epicondyle
Which femoral condyle is lower?
Medial (5-7 degrees)
How many degrees of flexion is required for the routine lateral knee?
20-30
What method for the intercondylar fossa utilizes a curved or built up IR?
Beclere Method
When performing the axial/tangential projections of the patella, the CR will always be ____ to the ____
Parallel to the patellar
What is the primary purpose for performing the PA patella feather that AP?
Puts patella closer to the IR
The term tangential means what?
Skimming
When performing the AP projection, the CR should be __1__ to the joint space and project the patella __2__ of the joint space
- Parallel
2. Up and out
Name two layman terms that may be seen on orders for the tangential axial patella
- sunrise
- sunset
- sky line
The degree/angle formed between the following structures when performing the Holmblad Method
- Degrees between femur and IR
- Degrees between femur and lower leg
- Degrees between CR and lower leg
- Degrees between CR and femur
- 70
- 110
- 90
- 20
How many degrees of flexion should be performed for the routine lateral patella and why?
10 degrees; increasing flexion will reduce the patellofemoral space; prevents fx separation
The projection utilized for a lateral knee or patella should be ____
Mediolateral
PA Weight Bearing Knee Radiographs are AKA
Rosenberg Method
AP oblique, lateral rotation:
CR __1__ inferior to patella apex
CR angle dependent on measurement
__2__ superimposed over the lateral half of the __3__
Margin of patella projected slightly beyond edge of __4__ femoral condyle
- 1/2”
- Fibula
- Tibia
- Lateral
AP oblique, medial rotation evaluation:
- __1__ and __2__ separated
- Margin of patella slightly beyond __3__ side of femoral condyle
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Medial
