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Monday-Rad Procedures > FALL 2015 FINAL!!!!! > Flashcards

FALL 2015 FINAL!!!!! Flashcards

1
Q

The ability of the body to maintain stability and normal function even if changes are taking place

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

Inspiration of a foreign material into the airway

A

Aspiration/foreign object

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3
Q

collapse of all or part of the lung

A

atelectasis

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4
Q

Inflammation of the bronchi

A

bronchitis

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5
Q

disorder associated with widespread dysfunction of the exocrine glands, abnormal secretion of sweat and saliva, and accumulation, of thick mucus in the lungs

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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6
Q

Destructive and obstructive airway changes leading to an increased volume of air in the lungs

A

Emphysema

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7
Q

inflammation of the epiglottis

A

Epiglottitis

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8
Q

Chronic infection of the lung caused by tubercle bacillus

A

tuberculosis

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9
Q

Transfer of a cancerous lesion from one area to another

A

metastases

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10
Q

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

A

pleural effusion

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11
Q

acute infection in the lung parenchyma

A

pneumonia

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12
Q

accumulation of air in the pleural cavity resulting in collapse of the lung

A

pneumothorax

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13
Q

new tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrolled

A

tumor

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14
Q

localized dilation of the abdominal aorta

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm AAA

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15
Q

blockage of bowel lumen

A

bowel obstruction

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16
Q

failure of bowel peristalsis

A

lleus

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17
Q

transfer of a cancerous lesion from one area to another

A

metastases

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18
Q

presence of air in the peritoneal cavity

A

pnuemoperitoneum

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19
Q

Name this special plane

A

Interiliac Plane

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20
Q

Name this special plane

A

occlusal plane

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21
Q

refers to forward or front part of body or forward part of an organ

A

Anterior or Ventral

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22
Q

refers to parts away from the head of the body

A

caudad

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23
Q

refers to parts tpward the head of the body

A

cephalad

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24
Q

refers to nearer the feet or situated below

A

inferior

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25
Q

refers to parts at or near the surface, edge, or outside of another body part

A

peripheral

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26
Q

refers to part or parts on the opposite side of body

A

contralateral

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27
Q

refers to part(s) on the same side of body

A

ipsilateral

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28
Q

refers to parts far from the surface

A

deep

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29
Q

parietal

A

lining of a body cavity

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30
Q

covering an organ

A

viseral

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31
Q

top or anterior surface of the foot or to the back or posterior surface of the hand

A

Dorsum

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32
Q

Label

A
  • RUQ
  • LUQ
  • RLQ
  • LLQ
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33
Q

Label left to right

A
  • Right hypochondrium
  • Epigastrium
  • Left hypochondrium
  • Right lateral
  • Umbilical
  • Left lateral
  • Right inguinal
  • Hypogastrium
  • Left inguinal
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34
Q

Name this position

A

supine
or

dorsal recumbent

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35
Q
A

Prone

or

ventral recumbent

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36
Q
A

Fowler

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37
Q
A

Lithotomy

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38
Q
A

Trendelenburg

39
Q
A

Sims

40
Q

the path of the CR as it exists the xray tube and goes through the patient to IR.

A

Projection

41
Q

CR enters anterior surface and exits the posterior surface

A

AP Projection

42
Q

CR enters posterior surface and exits anterior surface

A

PA Projection

43
Q

Longitudinal angulation of the CR with the long axis of the body or specific part

A

Axial Projection

44
Q
  • posture of patient or general body position.
  • specific placement of the body part in relation to the radiographic table or IR during imaging
A

Position

45
Q

What is SID?

A

Skin to image distance
72” or 40”

46
Q

overall darkness on the radiograph

A

density

47
Q

different shades of grey, controlled by kV

A

Contrast

48
Q

A __1__ SID= decrease of magnification and needs __2__ technique

A
  1. long
  2. more
49
Q

Increasing the OID does what to the magnification?

A

Increases

50
Q

Quality/power

A

kV

51
Q

Quantity

A

mAs

52
Q

Proper age of shielding

A

0-50

53
Q

ages to ask pregnancy?

A

13-50

54
Q

When do we shield?

A

when reproductive organs are within 5 cm and will not obstruct objects being radiographed

55
Q

Adams Apple

A

C5

56
Q

Vertebra Prominens

A

C7, T1

57
Q

Approx. 2 inches above the jugular notch

A

T1

58
Q

Jugular notch

A

T2, T3

59
Q

sternal angle

A

T4, T5

60
Q

Inferior angles of the scapulae

A

T7

61
Q

Xiphoid process

A

T9, T10

62
Q

Inferior costal margin

A

L2, L3

63
Q

iliac crest

A

L4

64
Q

ASIS Level

A

S1, S2

65
Q

What does ASIS stand for?

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

66
Q

SI

Al

Da

A

Synarthrotic (immovable)

Amphiarthrotic (limited movement)

Diarthrotic (all/free moving)

67
Q

Do not have a joint cavity. United by various fibrous and connective tissues or ligaments. Strongest in body, IMMOVABLE.

A

Fibrous Joints

  1. Syndesmosis
  2. Suture
  3. Gomphosis
68
Q

No joint cavity, very limited movement

A

Cartilaginous Joints

  1. Symphysis
  2. Synchondrosis
69
Q

Wide Range of motion.
Gliding
Hinge
Pivot
Ellipsoid (condyloid)
Saddle
Ball and Socket

A

Synovial Joints

70
Q

SID for Chest Xray?

A

72”

71
Q

Which projection is prefered for chest xray and why?

A

PA b/c less magnification of the heart

72
Q

Why is a chest xray prefered to be done on a patient who is erect?

A
  • maxium lung capacity
  • air/fluid levels
  • diaphragm is down
  • prevent engorgement of great vessels
73
Q

Chest Decub:

A
  1. Verticle IR
  2. Horizontal CR
  3. Recumbent Patient

AP or PA acceptable
SID 72”

74
Q
  1. How would we get the clavicles out of the way?
  2. If that position doesn’t work what else could the radiographer try?
A
  1. Lorodotic
  2. AP Axial projection
75
Q

Breathing for chest x-ray and why

A

double inspiration because more air is inhaled on the second breath and with greater ease

76
Q

How many lobes do each lung have?

A

Right lung has 3
Left lung has 2 (b/c of heart)

77
Q

Why are inspiration/expiration chests performed?

A
  1. fixed diaphragm
  2. pnuemothorax
  3. collapsed lung
  4. foreign body
78
Q

How do you judge rotation of lateral chest?

A

Posterior ribs superimposed

79
Q

A. Name the structures of the mediastinum:
B. What is NOT in the mediastinum?

A

A:

  1. heart
  2. great vessels
  3. trachea
  4. esophagus
  5. lymphatics
  6. Thymus

B: Lungs

80
Q

Cartilage point where the right and left bronchus seperate?

A

Carina

81
Q

Which bronchus is more verticle and broader?

A

Right

82
Q

Position a patient for a routine/basic chest:

  1. SID
  2. Scapulas
  3. Arms
  4. IR location
  5. CR
  6. Centering
A
  1. 72”
  2. Hug IR or flex arms, back of hands on hips: These roll scapulas out of view of lung field
  3. up and out of view
  4. 1 1/2”-2” above relaxed shoulder
  5. perpendicular to IR at T7
  6. Center MSP to midline of IR
83
Q

Anatomy that pertains to abdominal imaging

A
  1. iliac crest
  2. liver (RUQ)
  3. kidneys (t12-l3)
  4. stomach (LUQ into RUQ)
  5. psas muscle
  6. pubic symphsis
  7. acetabulum
  8. Small intestine (23” feet)
  9. Large intestine aka Colon
  10. Gallbladder (RUQ)
  11. Spleen (LUQ)
  12. Pancreas (LUQ)
84
Q

Abodomen Radiograph, AP projection, Supine position:

  1. centering IR
  2. ensure inclusion of ________
  3. arms
A
  1. @ level of iliac crest (L4)
  2. pubic symphsis
  3. up and out of way
85
Q

Bladder shot

A
  • IR 2-3” above pubic symphsis OR 2” below ASIS
  • Suspend respiration
  • supine patient
  • 10x12 IR or collimation
86
Q

Upright abdomen (AP)

A
  • IR 2” above the iliac crest (high enough to include diaphragm)
  • 14x17 IR
  • IF bladder is to be included then center at iliac crest
87
Q

Criteria for a SUPINE radiograph?

A
  • pubic symphysis to upper abdomen
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • bladder
    AKA as KUB
88
Q

Criteria for an upright study of diaphragm

A
  • Top of IR at axilla
  • 14x17 CW
89
Q

Kidney shot

A

+supine patient
+10x12 CW IR (or collimated)
+CR perpendicular to IR midway between T10(xiphoid process) and L4 (umbilicus)

90
Q

Why do we do a L lateral decub?

A

Air and fluid level.
Meganblase

91
Q

Optimum KV for abdominal images?

A

70-80”

92
Q

Elevation degree necessary for upright abdomen?

A

70 Degrees

93
Q
  1. We do a decub chest because
  2. We do an abdomen decub because?
A
  1. It’s ordered
  2. Patient cannot stand
94
Q
A

Monday-Rad Procedures (14 decks)

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