FALL 2015 FINAL!!!!! Flashcards by Cassie Underwood

The ability of the body to maintain stability and normal function even if changes are taking place

Homeostasis

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Inspiration of a foreign material into the airway

Aspiration/foreign object

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collapse of all or part of the lung

atelectasis

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Inflammation of the bronchi

bronchitis

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disorder associated with widespread dysfunction of the exocrine glands, abnormal secretion of sweat and saliva, and accumulation, of thick mucus in the lungs

Cystic Fibrosis

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Destructive and obstructive airway changes leading to an increased volume of air in the lungs

Emphysema

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inflammation of the epiglottis

Epiglottitis

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Chronic infection of the lung caused by tubercle bacillus

tuberculosis

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Transfer of a cancerous lesion from one area to another

metastases

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collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

pleural effusion

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acute infection in the lung parenchyma

pneumonia

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accumulation of air in the pleural cavity resulting in collapse of the lung

pneumothorax

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new tissue growth where cell proliferation is uncontrolled

tumor

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localized dilation of the abdominal aorta

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm AAA

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blockage of bowel lumen

bowel obstruction

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failure of bowel peristalsis

lleus

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transfer of a cancerous lesion from one area to another

metastases

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presence of air in the peritoneal cavity

pnuemoperitoneum

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Name this special plane

Interiliac Plane

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Name this special plane

occlusal plane

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refers to forward or front part of body or forward part of an organ

Anterior or Ventral

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refers to parts away from the head of the body

caudad

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refers to parts tpward the head of the body

cephalad

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refers to nearer the feet or situated below

inferior

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refers to parts at or near the surface, edge, or outside of another body part

peripheral

refers to part or parts on the opposite side of body

contralateral

refers to part(s) on the same side of body

ipsilateral

refers to parts far from the surface

deep

parietal

lining of a body cavity

covering an organ

viseral

top or anterior surface of the foot or to the back or posterior surface of the hand

Dorsum

Label

* RUQ * LUQ * RLQ * LLQ

Label left to right

* Right hypochondrium * Epigastrium * Left hypochondrium * Right lateral * Umbilical * Left lateral * Right inguinal * Hypogastrium * Left inguinal

Name this position

supine or dorsal recumbent

Prone or ventral recumbent

Fowler

Lithotomy

Trendelenburg

Sims

the path of the CR as it exists the xray tube and goes through the patient to IR.

Projection

CR enters anterior surface and exits the posterior surface

AP Projection

CR enters posterior surface and exits anterior surface

PA Projection

Longitudinal angulation of the CR with the long axis of the body or specific part

Axial Projection

- posture of patient or general body position. - specific placement of the body part in relation to the radiographic table or IR during imaging

Position

What is SID?

Skin to image distance 72" or 40"

overall darkness on the radiograph

density

different shades of grey, controlled by kV

Contrast

A \_\_1\_\_ SID= decrease of magnification and needs \_\_2\_\_ technique

1. long 2. more

Increasing the OID does what to the magnification?

Increases

Quality/power

Quantity

mAs

Proper age of shielding

0-50

ages to ask pregnancy?

13-50

When do we shield?

when reproductive organs are within 5 cm and will not obstruct objects being radiographed

Adams Apple

Vertebra Prominens

C7, T1

Approx. 2 inches above the jugular notch

Jugular notch

T2, T3

sternal angle

T4, T5

Inferior angles of the scapulae

Xiphoid process

T9, T10

Inferior costal margin

L2, L3

iliac crest

ASIS Level

S1, S2

What does ASIS stand for?

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

SI Al Da

Synarthrotic (immovable) Amphiarthrotic (limited movement) Diarthrotic (all/free moving)

Do not have a joint cavity. United by various fibrous and connective tissues or ligaments. Strongest in body, IMMOVABLE.

Fibrous Joints 1. Syndesmosis 2. Suture 3. Gomphosis

No joint cavity, very limited movement

Cartilaginous Joints 1. Symphysis 2. Synchondrosis

Wide Range of motion. Gliding Hinge Pivot Ellipsoid (condyloid) Saddle Ball and Socket

Synovial Joints

SID for Chest Xray?

72"

Which projection is prefered for chest xray and why?

PA b/c less magnification of the heart

Why is a chest xray prefered to be done on a patient who is erect?

* maxium lung capacity * air/fluid levels * diaphragm is down * prevent engorgement of great vessels

Chest Decub:

1. Verticle IR 2. Horizontal CR 3. Recumbent Patient AP or PA acceptable SID 72"

1. How would we get the clavicles out of the way? 2. If that position doesn't work what else could the radiographer try?

1. Lorodotic 2. AP Axial projection

Breathing for chest x-ray and why

double inspiration because more air is inhaled on the second breath and with greater ease

How many lobes do each lung have?

Right lung has 3 Left lung has 2 (b/c of heart)

Why are inspiration/expiration chests performed?

1. fixed diaphragm 2. pnuemothorax 3. collapsed lung 4. foreign body

How do you judge rotation of lateral chest?

Posterior ribs superimposed

A. Name the structures of the mediastinum: B. What is NOT in the mediastinum?

A: 1. heart 2. great vessels 3. trachea 4. esophagus 5. lymphatics 6. Thymus B: Lungs

Cartilage point where the right and left bronchus seperate?

Carina

Which bronchus is more verticle and broader?

Right

Position a patient for a routine/basic chest: 1. SID 2. Scapulas 3. Arms 4. IR location 5. CR 6. Centering

1. 72" 2. Hug IR or flex arms, back of hands on hips: These roll scapulas out of view of lung field 3. up and out of view 4. 1 1/2"-2" above relaxed shoulder 5. perpendicular to IR at T7 6. Center MSP to midline of IR

Anatomy that pertains to abdominal imaging

1. iliac crest 2. liver (RUQ) 3. kidneys (t12-l3) 4. stomach (LUQ into RUQ) 5. psas muscle 6. pubic symphsis 7. acetabulum 8. Small intestine (23" feet) 9. Large intestine aka Colon 10. Gallbladder (RUQ) 11. Spleen (LUQ) 12. Pancreas (LUQ)

Abodomen Radiograph, AP projection, Supine position: 1. centering IR 2. ensure inclusion of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. arms

1. @ level of iliac crest (L4) 2. pubic symphsis 3. up and out of way

Bladder shot

* IR 2-3" above pubic symphsis OR 2" below ASIS * Suspend respiration * supine patient * 10x12 IR or collimation

Upright abdomen (AP)

* IR 2" above the iliac crest (high enough to include diaphragm) * 14x17 IR * IF bladder is to be included then center at iliac crest

Criteria for a SUPINE radiograph?

* **pubic symphysis to upper abdomen** * **kidneys** * **ureters** * **bladder AKA as KUB**

Criteria for an upright study of diaphragm

* Top of IR at axilla * 14x17 CW

Kidney shot

+supine patient +10x12 CW IR (or collimated) +CR perpendicular to IR midway between T10(xiphoid process) and L4 (umbilicus)

Why do we do a L lateral decub?

Air and fluid level. Meganblase

Optimum KV for abdominal images?

70-80"

Elevation degree necessary for upright abdomen?

70 Degrees

1. We do a decub chest because 2. We do an abdomen decub because?

1. It's ordered 2. Patient cannot stand