Abdomen!!!! Flashcards by Cassie Underwood

Label:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.

A. Right Lobe of Liver
B. Falciform ligament
C. Right Lobe of Liver
D. Gallbladder
E. Ascending colon
F. ilium
g. Appendex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Label:
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.

I. Esophagus
J.Stomach
K. Spleen
L. Pancreas
M. Descending Colon
N. Transverse Colon
O. Small intestine
P. Urinary Bladder

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

LABEL:
A-L

A. Parietal Peritoneum
B. Visceral Peritoneum
C. Liver
D. Stomach
E. Peritoneal Cavity
F. Retroperitonenum
G. Tranverse Colon
H. Mesentry
I. Omentum
J. Jujunum
K. Sigmoid Colon
L. Urinary Bladder

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Label
A-F

A. Liver
B. Stomach
C. Pancreas
D. Kidney (top)
E. Retroperitpneum
F. Spleen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name six organs located in the abdominal cavity

Spleen
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Stomach
Small Intestines
Kidneys

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name organs located in the pelvic cavity

Uterus
Rectum
Urinary Bladder

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The name of the double walled seromembranous sac that lines the abdominal cavity is the _____________

Peritoneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two layers of the peritoneum are ___1___ and ___2___

Parietal Layer
Viseral Layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The outer layer of the peritoneum that contacts the underside of the diaphragm

Parietal Layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The inner layer of the periotoneum that contacts various organs

Viseral Layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cavity behind the peritoneum

Retroperitoneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two organs located in the retroperitoneum

kindeys
pancreas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two folds in the peritoneum

Mesentery
Omenta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of the mesentery and omenta?

serve to support the viscera in position

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This cavity contains the reproductive organs

pelvic cavity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Blockage of the bowel lumen

Obstruction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Localized dilatation of the abdominal aorta

Aneurysm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Presence of air in the peritoneal cavity

pneumoperitoneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Failure of the bowel peristalsis

ilues

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Proper respiration for abdominal radiography

Exhalation

(suspend breathing after exhalation)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Optimal KV for abdominal

70 kVp

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

For upright radiography of the abdomen when free air is to be ruled out, the CR should be directed where?

2” above umbilicus

(iliac crest/L4)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The proper decubitis that may be utalized to demostrate the presence of a AAA is _____________

Dorsal Decub

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of motion can be eliminated by the use of proper instructions and a high comfort level of the patient when performing abdominal radiography?

Voluntary

(Maybe offer a pillow, blanket, sponge, or bend at knees to help make comfortable)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This anatomical structure ***MUST*** be included on _upright_ radiography

Diaphragm

Three criteria for a decub

1. horizontal CR 2. vertical IR 3. recumbent patient

This muscle is demostrated on both sides of the vertebral column in a triangular shape on abdominal radiography

Psoas

List the two structures to bisect when centering for a kidney shot

1. xiphoid process (T10) 2. umbilicus (L4)

Which kidney is lower and why\>

The right kidney is lower due to the position of the liver

Proper center for KUB

KUB stands for what anatomic structures

* kidneys * ureters * bladder

The minimum degree the a patient should be elevated when performing an upright abdomen radiograph?

70⁰

Proper centering for a bladder shot

2-3" above the pubic synthesis OR 2" below ASIS

Why is it important to use proper respiration when performing abdominal radiograph?

By exhaling it moves the diaphragm moves up allowing for maxium capacity of the abdomal cavity to be viewed

Why are upright or decub radiographs performed?

Allow air to rise and fluid to settle

An advantage for doing an abdomen using a PA projection

reduces patient gonadal dose

What must be included on an upright abdomen radiograph?

diaphragm to acetabulum

If performing two CW radiographs of the abdomen on a large patient what needs to be demonstrated on the finished radiographs to ensure that all anatomy is included?

Overlapping

The surgical removal of the gallbladder

cholecystectomy

The liver is located in which quadrent?

RUQ

All KUBs are \_\_\_1\_\_\_, but not all abdomens are \_\_\_2\_\_\_

1. Abdomens 2. KUBs

The movement of foodstuff through the digestive tract will cause this type of motion on a radiograph

Involuntary

What structure is included on a radiograph to ensure that the bladder is included?

Pubic Symphsis

What is the minimum time that a patient needs to remain on their side when performing a decub? \_\_1\_\_ What is the maxium time? \_\_2\_\_

1. 5 minutes 2. 15-20 minutes

Label the following

1. Kidneys 2. Psoas Muscle 3. Iliac Crest 4. Pubic Symphysis

Appendix removed

appendectomy

gallbladder removed

cholecystectomy

female reproductive removed

hysterectomy

Possible hernias

* R of L inguinal * umbilical * hiatal

blood in urine

hematuria

blood in stool

hematochezia

The abdominal cavity extends from \_\_1\_\_ superiorly to the upper \_\_2\_\_ inferiorly

1. diaphragm 2. bony pelvis

The pelvis cavity lines the \_\_\_\_\_\_

bony pelvis

The stomach is located in which quadrant(s)?

LUQ with the distal tail extending into the midline and into the RUQ

This is a pockey of ain in the stomach that is well visualized in upright radiographs

Meganblase

Where is the gallbladder located?

RUQ

The best criteria for judguing the quality of an abdominal radiograph

- ouline of psoas - lower border of liver - kidneys - ribs - spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae

appears as haziness that may be confined to localized areas or may be generalized if caused by peristalsis

involuntary motion

A. What is a flat and upright series? B. Why do it?

A. supine AP projection and an upright AP rojection. B. Rule out free air, demostrate normal air and fluid levels in abdominal cavity

Upright AP projection will have to include:

acetabulum of the pelvis to the diaphragm

What is the purpose of a survey?

abdomen film to check presence of barium or fecal material prior to testing

SID for abdomen

40"

For and AP abdomen or KUB, place the patient \_\_1\_\_ or \_\_2\_\_. \_\_3\_\_ are preferred for most inital exams

1. Supine 2. Upright 3. Supine

Supine Position: 1. Center IR @ \_\_\_\_\_ 2. Insure inclusion of \_\_\_\_\_\_

1. Iliac Crest 2. pubic symphysis

Bladder Shot: 1. IR size? 2. center where? 3. Respiration?

1. 10x12 CW 2. 2-3" above upper border of the pubic symphsis (2" below ASIS) 3. Suspended on exhalation

UPRIGHT POSITION: * Center IR \_\_\_\_\_ * High enough to include \_\_\_\_\_\_ * If bladder is to be included then center at \_\_\_\_\_\_

* 2" above iliac crest * diaphragm * iliac crest

Central Ray should be perpendicular to the IR at the level of \_\_1\_\_ for **supine position** and horizontal and \_\_2\_\_ above iliac crest for **upright position**

1. iliac crest 2. 2"

For SUPINE study the area from the pubic symphasis to upper \_\_1\_\_: will include \_\_2\_\_, \_\_3\_\_, \_\_4\_\_

1. abdomen 2. kidneys 3. ureters 4. bladder

Diaphragm Shot: 1. Patient Position 2. IR placement 3. IR size

1. Upright 2. at axilla 3. 14x17 CW

When is a kidney shot performed?

for supine KUB when kidneys are not included on radiograph due to a patients size/height or improper centering.

When doing a kidney shot: 1. IR size 2. Patient position 3. Path of CR 4. Respirations

1. Preferably 10x12 CW, but can use a 14x17 and collimate 2. Same recumbent or supine position used for KUB 3. Perpendicular to IR midway between T10 and L4 4. Suspended on exhalation

For a PA projection, this position is essential

upright

General Procedure for an upright PA projection? 1. Place ____ surface against bucky 2. CR horizontal centered \_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. When _____ are not of interest the PA position is considered because \_\_4\_\_

1. anterior 2. 2" above iliac crest 3. kidneys 4. greatly reduces patient gonadal dose

1. When doing a AP Projection this position is essential 2. Why? 3. What size IR?

1. Left Lateral Decubitus 2. Since the stomach will not rise above the midline; in this position the meganblase will not be confused with free air 3. 14x17 LW to patient

When doing left lateral decub of the abdomen a patient should lay on their side for several minutes to \_\_1\_\_. Place arms \_\_2\_\_ For stability the tech should \_\_\_3\_\_\_

1. allow free air to rise and fluid to settle 2. above level of diaphragm out of abdominal anatomy 3. flex knees

AP Projection Left Lateral Decub: * IR * SID * Respiration

* Center IR at iliac crest; slightly higher centering point of 2" abouve crest is necessary to include diaphragm * 40"; usually with a grid on IR * Suspended on exhalation

**Lateral Projection Right of Left Postition:** 1. IR size 2. Position patient 3. Center IR 4. CR

1. 14x17 LW 2. lateral recumbent. Flex elbows and place hands under patients head or in front of face 3. level iliac crest or 2" above to include diaphragm 4. perpendicular to IR entering midcoronal plane at iliac crest or 2" above crest for diaphragm

*Lateral Position Right or Left Dorsal Decub:* * Place patient * IR position * CR

* supine recumbent position w/right or left side against verticle grid * centered at MSP; centered 2" above iliac crest * horizontal and perpendicular to IR entering MSP 2" above iliac crest

When using a filter: thick part of filter goes to \_\_\_\_\_\_

to elevated side of body (air); thinner part of body

HX Questions: 1. pain or discomfort in abdomen? 2. Can you show me where the pain is? 3. How long has the pain been there? 4. Has it gotten worse? 5. Did you have prep for todays test? 6. Any previous surgeries?

6. Any changes in bowel habits such as constipation or diarrhea? 7. Any difficulty, pain, or frequency with urination? 8. Any nausea or vomiting? How long? 9. Excessive gas, belching, or indigestion? 10. Ever had any hernias or ulcers?

Appendix Removal

Appendectomy

Gall Bladder Removal

cholecystectomy

Female Reproductive System Removed

Hysterectomy