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Monday-Rad Procedures > Abdomen!!!! > Flashcards

Abdomen!!!! Flashcards

1
Q

Label:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.

A

A. Right Lobe of Liver
B. Falciform ligament
C. Right Lobe of Liver
D. Gallbladder
E. Ascending colon
F. ilium
g. Appendex

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2
Q

Label:
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.

A

I. Esophagus
J.Stomach
K. Spleen
L. Pancreas
M. Descending Colon
N. Transverse Colon
O. Small intestine
P. Urinary Bladder

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3
Q

LABEL:
A-L

A

A. Parietal Peritoneum
B. Visceral Peritoneum
C. Liver
D. Stomach
E. Peritoneal Cavity
F. Retroperitonenum
G. Tranverse Colon
H. Mesentry
I. Omentum
J. Jujunum
K. Sigmoid Colon
L. Urinary Bladder

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4
Q

Label
A-F

A

A. Liver
B. Stomach
C. Pancreas
D. Kidney (top)
E. Retroperitpneum
F. Spleen

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5
Q

Name six organs located in the abdominal cavity

A
  • Spleen
  • Pancreas
  • Gallbladder
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestines
  • Kidneys
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6
Q

Name organs located in the pelvic cavity

A
  • Uterus
  • Rectum
  • Urinary Bladder
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7
Q

The name of the double walled seromembranous sac that lines the abdominal cavity is the _____________

A

Peritoneum

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8
Q

Two layers of the peritoneum are ___1___ and ___2___

A
  1. Parietal Layer
  2. Viseral Layer
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9
Q

The outer layer of the peritoneum that contacts the underside of the diaphragm

A

Parietal Layer

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10
Q

The inner layer of the periotoneum that contacts various organs

A

Viseral Layer

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11
Q

Cavity behind the peritoneum

A

Retroperitoneum

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12
Q

Two organs located in the retroperitoneum

A
  1. kindeys
  2. pancreas
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13
Q

Two folds in the peritoneum

A
  1. Mesentery
  2. Omenta
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14
Q

What is the function of the mesentery and omenta?

A

serve to support the viscera in position

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15
Q

This cavity contains the reproductive organs

A

pelvic cavity

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16
Q

Blockage of the bowel lumen

A

Obstruction

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17
Q

Localized dilatation of the abdominal aorta

A

Aneurysm

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18
Q

Presence of air in the peritoneal cavity

A

pneumoperitoneum

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19
Q

Failure of the bowel peristalsis

A

ilues

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20
Q

Proper respiration for abdominal radiography

A

Exhalation

(suspend breathing after exhalation)

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21
Q

Optimal KV for abdominal

A

70 kVp

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22
Q

For upright radiography of the abdomen when free air is to be ruled out, the CR should be directed where?

A

2” above umbilicus

(iliac crest/L4)

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23
Q

The proper decubitis that may be utalized to demostrate the presence of a AAA is _____________

A

Dorsal Decub

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24
Q

What type of motion can be eliminated by the use of proper instructions and a high comfort level of the patient when performing abdominal radiography?

A

Voluntary

(Maybe offer a pillow, blanket, sponge, or bend at knees to help make comfortable)

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25
Q

This anatomical structure MUST be included on upright radiography

A

Diaphragm

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26
Q

Three criteria for a decub

A
  1. horizontal CR
  2. vertical IR
  3. recumbent patient
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27
Q

This muscle is demostrated on both sides of the vertebral column in a triangular shape on abdominal radiography

A

Psoas

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28
Q

List the two structures to bisect when centering for a kidney shot

A
  1. xiphoid process (T10)
  2. umbilicus (L4)
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29
Q

Which kidney is lower and why>

A

The right kidney is lower due to the position of the liver

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30
Q

Proper center for KUB

A

L4

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31
Q

KUB stands for what anatomic structures

A
  • kidneys
  • ureters
  • bladder
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32
Q

The minimum degree the a patient should be elevated when performing an upright abdomen radiograph?

A

700

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33
Q

Proper centering for a bladder shot

A

2-3” above the pubic synthesis
OR
2” below ASIS

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34
Q

Why is it important to use proper respiration when performing abdominal radiograph?

A

By exhaling it moves the diaphragm moves up allowing for maxium capacity of the abdomal cavity to be viewed

35
Q

Why are upright or decub radiographs performed?

A

Allow air to rise and fluid to settle

36
Q

An advantage for doing an abdomen using a PA projection

A

reduces patient gonadal dose

37
Q

What must be included on an upright abdomen radiograph?

A

diaphragm to acetabulum

38
Q

If performing two CW radiographs of the abdomen on a large patient what needs to be demonstrated on the finished radiographs to ensure that all anatomy is included?

A

Overlapping

39
Q

The surgical removal of the gallbladder

A

cholecystectomy

40
Q

The liver is located in which quadrent?

A

RUQ

41
Q

All KUBs are ___1___, but not all abdomens are ___2___

A
  1. Abdomens
  2. KUBs
42
Q

The movement of foodstuff through the digestive tract will cause this type of motion on a radiograph

A

Involuntary

43
Q

What structure is included on a radiograph to ensure that the bladder is included?

A

Pubic Symphsis

44
Q

What is the minimum time that a patient needs to remain on their side when performing a decub? __1__

What is the maxium time? __2__

A
  1. 5 minutes
  2. 15-20 minutes
45
Q

Label the following

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Psoas Muscle
  3. Iliac Crest
  4. Pubic Symphysis
46
Q

Appendix removed

A

appendectomy

47
Q

gallbladder removed

A

cholecystectomy

48
Q

female reproductive removed

A

hysterectomy

49
Q

Possible hernias

A
  • R of L inguinal
  • umbilical
  • hiatal
50
Q

blood in urine

A

hematuria

51
Q

blood in stool

A

hematochezia

52
Q

The abdominal cavity extends from __1__ superiorly to the upper __2__ inferiorly

A
  1. diaphragm
  2. bony pelvis
53
Q

The pelvis cavity lines the ______

A

bony pelvis

54
Q

The stomach is located in which quadrant(s)?

A

LUQ with the distal tail extending into the midline and into the RUQ

55
Q

This is a pockey of ain in the stomach that is well visualized in upright radiographs

A

Meganblase

56
Q

Where is the gallbladder located?

A

RUQ

57
Q

The best criteria for judguing the quality of an abdominal radiograph

A
  • ouline of psoas
  • lower border of liver
  • kidneys
  • ribs
  • spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae
58
Q

appears as haziness that may be confined to localized areas or may be generalized if caused by peristalsis

A

involuntary motion

59
Q

A. What is a flat and upright series?
B. Why do it?

A

A. supine AP projection and an upright AP rojection.
B. Rule out free air, demostrate normal air and fluid levels in abdominal cavity

60
Q

Upright AP projection will have to include:

A

acetabulum of the pelvis to the diaphragm

61
Q

What is the purpose of a survey?

A

abdomen film to check presence of barium or fecal material prior to testing

62
Q

SID for abdomen

A

40”

63
Q

For and AP abdomen or KUB, place the patient __1__ or __2__.

__3__ are preferred for most inital exams

A
  1. Supine
  2. Upright
  3. Supine
64
Q

Supine Position:

  1. Center IR @ _____
  2. Insure inclusion of ______
A
  1. Iliac Crest
  2. pubic symphysis
65
Q

Bladder Shot:

  1. IR size?
  2. center where?
  3. Respiration?
A
  1. 10x12 CW
  2. 2-3” above upper border of the pubic symphsis (2” below ASIS)
  3. Suspended on exhalation
66
Q

UPRIGHT POSITION:

  • Center IR _____
  • High enough to include ______
  • If bladder is to be included then center at ______
A
  • 2” above iliac crest
  • diaphragm
  • iliac crest
67
Q

Central Ray should be perpendicular to the IR at the level of __1__ for supine position and horizontal and __2__ above iliac crest for upright position

A
  1. iliac crest
  2. 2”
68
Q

For SUPINE study the area from the pubic symphasis to upper __1__: will include __2__, __3__, __4__

A
  1. abdomen
  2. kidneys
  3. ureters
  4. bladder
69
Q

Diaphragm Shot:

  1. Patient Position
  2. IR placement
  3. IR size
A
  1. Upright
  2. at axilla
  3. 14x17 CW
70
Q

When is a kidney shot performed?

A

for supine KUB when kidneys are not included on radiograph due to a patients size/height or improper centering.

71
Q

When doing a kidney shot:

  1. IR size
  2. Patient position
  3. Path of CR
  4. Respirations
A
  1. Preferably 10x12 CW, but can use a 14x17 and collimate
  2. Same recumbent or supine position used for KUB
  3. Perpendicular to IR midway between T10 and L4
  4. Suspended on exhalation
72
Q

For a PA projection, this position is essential

A

upright

73
Q

General Procedure for an upright PA projection?

  1. Place ____ surface against bucky
  2. CR horizontal centered ______
  3. When _____ are not of interest the PA position is considered because __4__
A
  1. anterior
  2. 2” above iliac crest
  3. kidneys
  4. greatly reduces patient gonadal dose
74
Q
  1. When doing a AP Projection this position is essential
  2. Why?
  3. What size IR?
A
  1. Left Lateral Decubitus
  2. Since the stomach will not rise above the midline; in this position the meganblase will not be confused with free air
  3. 14x17 LW to patient
75
Q

When doing left lateral decub of the abdomen a patient should lay on their side for several minutes to __1__.

Place arms __2__

For stability the tech should ___3___

A
  1. allow free air to rise and fluid to settle
  2. above level of diaphragm out of abdominal anatomy
  3. flex knees
76
Q

AP Projection
Left Lateral Decub:

  • IR
  • SID
  • Respiration
A
  • Center IR at iliac crest; slightly higher centering point of 2” abouve crest is necessary to include diaphragm
  • 40”; usually with a grid on IR
  • Suspended on exhalation
77
Q

Lateral Projection
Right of Left Postition:

  1. IR size
  2. Position patient
  3. Center IR
  4. CR
A
  1. 14x17 LW
  2. lateral recumbent. Flex elbows and place hands under patients head or in front of face
  3. level iliac crest or 2” above to include diaphragm
  4. perpendicular to IR entering midcoronal plane at iliac crest or 2” above crest for diaphragm
78
Q

Lateral Position
Right or Left Dorsal Decub:

  • Place patient
  • IR position
  • CR
A
  • supine recumbent position w/right or left side against verticle grid
  • centered at MSP; centered 2” above iliac crest
  • horizontal and perpendicular to IR entering MSP 2” above iliac crest
79
Q

When using a filter: thick part of filter goes to ______

A

to elevated side of body (air); thinner part of body

80
Q

HX Questions:

  1. pain or discomfort in abdomen?
  2. Can you show me where the pain is?
  3. How long has the pain been there?
  4. Has it gotten worse?
  5. Did you have prep for todays test?
  6. Any previous surgeries?
A
  1. Any changes in bowel habits such as constipation or diarrhea?
  2. Any difficulty, pain, or frequency with urination?
  3. Any nausea or vomiting? How long?
  4. Excessive gas, belching, or indigestion?
  5. Ever had any hernias or ulcers?
81
Q

Appendix Removal

A

Appendectomy

82
Q

Gall Bladder Removal

A

cholecystectomy

83
Q

Female Reproductive System Removed

A

Hysterectomy

84
Q
A

Monday-Rad Procedures (14 decks)

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