Knee

Question 1

Clarks

Answer 1

Press patella inferiorly, pin in position
Ask Pt to contract quads slowly

Question 2

What does it test - Clark’s

Answer 2

Chondromalacia patella, degen patfem Jt

Question 3

+Ve - Clark’s

Answer 3

P on posterior surface of patella

Question 4

Ballottment’s/
sweep/bulge

Answer 4

Pillow under knee
Milk knee/quads
Movement top-bottom
Hold patella
Tap

Question 5

What does it test for - Ballottment’s

Answer 5

Internal derangement, lig sprain/strain or rupture, vascular damage

Question 6

+Ve -Ballottment’s

Answer 6

Rapid bounce, spongy feel, floating
Increased bulge over patella (fluid)

Question 7

Apley’s comp/distract

Answer 7

Prone
Leg to 90
Place knee on hamstring
Distract- int/ext rot
Comp- int/ext rot

Question 8

What does it test - Apley’s comp/distract

Answer 8

Comp- meniscal damage
Distract- capsule/ligament lesion/ CoLat lig sprain

Question 9

+Ve - Apley’s comp/distract

Answer 9

Distract- relief

Comp- P, locking

Question 10

McMurray

Answer 10

Leg to 90
Dorsiflex foot, compress
Apply pressure into int/ext rot

Question 11

What does it test - McMurray

Answer 11

Meniscal lesion
Tibial int rot- lat meniscus
Tibial ext rot- med meniscus

Question 12

+Ve - McMurray

Answer 12

P, locking, clicking, grinding

Question 13

Ege’s

Answer 13

Test med meniscus – Lat rot each tibia maximally and squat, increasing distance between knees and lat rot
Lat meniscus – Both tibias med rot maximally, difficult even for a healthy Pt

Question 14

What does it test - Ege’s

Answer 14

Meniscal lesion
Tibial int rot- lat meniscus
Tibial ext rot- med meniscus

Question 15

+Ve - Ege’s

Answer 15

Pain or crepitus
Early flexion –anterior tears
Deep flexion – posterior horn tears

Question 16

Thessaly’s

Answer 16

Use pracs hands for balance
Stand on one leg, slightly flex
Roate round- x3, bring Pt back to mid point

Question 17

What does it test - Thessaly’s

Answer 17

Meniscal lesion

Question 18

+Ve - Thessaly’s

Answer 18

P, buckling, catching, clicking
Med/lat joint line discomfort

Question 19

Ant draw

Answer 19

Same as acc movement, pull towards

Question 20

What does it test - Ant draw

Answer 20

ACL sprain/rupture

Question 21

+Ve - Ant draw

Answer 21

P or excessive movement (rupture)

Question 22

Post draw

Answer 22

Same as acc, push posteriorly

Question 23

What does it test for - Post draw

Answer 23

PCR sprain/rupture

Question 24

+Ve - Post draw

Answer 24

P or excessive movement

Question 25

Lachman

Answer 25

Supine
Flex leg to 15-30 deg
Ant- stabilise femur, pull tibia ant
Post- stabilise femur, push tibia

Question 26

What does it test - Lachman

Answer 26

Considered gold standard
ACL, PCL

Question 27

+Ve - Lachman

Answer 27

P or excessive movement

Mushy/soft end feel, disappearance of infrapatellar slope