Kirila Parathyroids Flashcards
- if Ca and PO4 move in opposite directions, what is the likely source of the proble?
- if Ca and PO4 move in the same direction
- PTH issue
- a Vitamin D issue
which of the following conditions are associated with rapid development of hypercalcemia?
- pulmonary edenam
- dehydration
- pscyhiatric issues
- kidney stones
- pneumonia
dehydration
rapid development of hypercalcemia: causes
polyuria
dehydration
renal impairment
slow development of hypercalcemia: symptoms
stone, bone problems (remember if its in the serum its not in the bones)
management of a patient with hypercalcemia
bisphonates. do not prescribe bed rest or fluid restriction
low Calcium and low PO4
think hypovitiminosis (low VD)
what lab is ordered for hypovitaminosis?
25-OH Vit D
How do we correct for low albumin: formula
Ca2+(corrected) = measured (Ca2+) + ((.8)(4.0- serum albumin))
immobility and hypocalcemia
inactivity –> loss of bone –> increases calcium in serum –> kidneys maintain homeostasis so the blood work doesnt reveal….
FRAX
a diagnostic tool used to evaluate the 10-year probability of bone fracture risk.
FRAX integrates clinical risk factors and bone mineral density at the femoral neck to calculate the 10-year probability of hip fracture and the 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture (clinical spine, forearm, hip or shoulder fracture).
Smoking • Glucocorticoid treatment • Rheumatoid arthritis • Disease strongly associated with osteoporosis • Alcohol intake of 3 or more standard drinks per day • Bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) has become the standard for measuring bone density.
Women age 65 and older should be screened routinely for osteoporo- sis, and screening should begin at age 60 for women with increased risk.
