Fallopian/Ovarian disorders/infections Flashcards
The most common disorders affecting the fallopian tube are
The most common disorders affecting the fallopian tube are infections and associated inflammatory conditions (salpingitis) > followed by ectopic (tubal) pregnancy and endometriosis.
Tubo-ovarian abscess
benign cyst in an ovary. This is probably a follicular cyst. Occasionally such cysts may reach several centimeters in size and, if they rupture, can cause abdominal pain.
Tubo-ovarian abscess, gross
This condition followed Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, although other organisms, including Chlamydia trachomatis, can cause this disease.
Gonorrhea leads to multiple complications in the female genital tract, including acute inflammation with abscess formation and chronic inflammation with tubal scarring (and a greater likelihood of ectopic pregnancy) and PID.
There is no clear boundary here between tube and ovary, and this dilated ovary on sectioning is filled with purulent materia
- tubal epithelium surrounded and infiltrated by numerous neutrophils. N. gonorrhoeae.
- The next most likely causative organism for this acute suppurative process is C. trachomatis.
- Multiple pyogenic bacterial species may be present with acute salpingitis that evolves to PID, including enteric bacteria, staphylococci, streptococci, and clostridia.
- Clinical findings include pelvic pain and fever. Infertility may result from this process. Laboratory findings include leukocytosis with a left shift.
Clinical findings include pelvic pain and fever.
Infertility may result from this process.
Laboratory findings include leukocytosis with a left shift.
suppurative salpingitis, tubo-avarian abscess, N gonorrhea
hydrosalpinx
A hydrosalpinx is a distally blocked fallopian tube filled with serous or clear fluid. The blocked tube may become substantially distended giving the tube a characteristic sausage-like or retort-like shape.
oophoritis
uncommon, usually autoimmune etiology, may lead to infertility
follicule cyst may cause pain and be palpable when…
> 2/2.5cm then called
normal cyst on the left, abnormal on the right
a hemorrhagic corpus luteum. Note the dark red-black hemorrhagic region surrounded by a thin rim of yellow corpus luteum.
benign theca lutein cyst in an ovary.
Note the luteinized cells forming the inner cyst lining at the left, with adjacent surrounding theca cells.
These cysts are rarely more than a few centimeters in diameter.
PCOS
estrogen review
E1 =
E1 = estrone–> menopausal estrogen produced by aromatization of androstenedione in peripheral fatty tissue. Less potent than E2 estradiol
estrogen review
E2 =
E2 = estradiol predominates in reproductive years.
Most potent estrogen produced by aromatization of testosterone in Graafian follicle
estrogen review
E3 =
E3 = estriol placental estrogen: originates in fetal adrenal gland as DHEA and converted in placenta.
Least potent.
causes of hirsutism
- most often idiopathic
- PCOS
- non-classical CAH (less frequently)
the most common symptoms associated with tumor or cancer invasion
- Abdominal pain and distention
- urinary and gastrointestinal tract symptoms due to compression
- vaginal bleeding are the most common symptoms.
% of ovarian tumors that are benign and % that are bilateral
60%, 25%
granulosa cell tumor attempts to form structures that resemble primitive follicles, as seen at the left. Most of these tumors are histologically benign, but some are malignant.
Reinke crystalloids
hilus cell tumor- leydig ell neoplasms composed entirely of lipid-leydig cells.
bilateral metastasis composed of mucin producing signet ring cancer cells
most of gastric origin
syphilis, looks like candida
VDRL test vs RPR vs FTA-ABS vs Trep-Agglutination vs EIA tests: primary syphilis
Trep Agglutination < VDRL < FTA-ABs < RPR < EIA (most sensitive)
VDRL test vs RPR vs FTA-ABS vs Trep-Agglutination vs EIA tests: secondary syph
all 100% sensitive
VDRL test vs RPR vs FTA-ABS vs Trep-Agglutination vs EIA tests: latent
FTA-ARBS = EIA > RPR> Trep agglutination > VDRL
VDRL test vs RPR vs FTA-ABS vs Trep-Agglutination vs EIA tests: tert syphilis
FTA-ABS > Trep Agglutination > RDR > VDRL
mulberry molars, congenital syphilis
Severe purulent discharge and eyelid edema in a newborn with conjunctivitis (confirmed G- diplococci with Gram stain and culture). What would you treat with?
Severe purulent discharge and eyelid edema in a newborn with gonococcal conjunctivitis (confirmed with Gram stain and culture).
Treated with ceftriaxone (IV or IM) Topical antibiotic therapy alone is ill advised and not needed if systemic antibiotics used
An asymptomatic 21 year old presents for initial Pap smear as part of her request for birth control. On colposcopic exam there is mucopurulent discharge at the os. Gram stain of the discharge reveals acute inflammation but no organisms. Swabs for nucleic acid tests is submitted. She says her only male sexual partner is asymptomatic. Which organism is most likely?
- gardeneralla vaginalis
- neisseria gonorrhea
- trichomonas vaginalis
- k granulomatis
- c tichomatis
chlymdia trachomatis
C. trachomatis infection are associated with different serotypes of the bacteria: urogenital infections and inclusion conjunctivitis
serotypes D through K
C. trachomatis infection are associated with different serotypes of the bacteria: lymphogranuloma venereum
serotypes L1, L2, and L3
C. trachomatis infection are associated with different serotypes of the bacteria: ocular infection of children
trachoma serotypes A, B, and C
Rates of reported chlamydia blacks/indians/natives/whites
Blacks was 5.9 times the rate among Whites, and the rate among American Indians/Alaska Natives was 3.8 times the rate among Whites.
he most common curable STD
trichamonas vaginalis, flagellated protozoan
trichomonas vaginalis: epi
more common in women than in men, and older women are more likely than younger women to have been infected.
Pediculosis ciliaris
Pediculosis pubis
