Kinetic Theory and Conduction Flashcards
Kinetic theory describes what?
How particles move in solids, liquids and gases.
How does an object have kinetic energy?
The energy an object has because of its movement.
kinetic theory can explain what?
3 states of matter.
Give an example of the 3 states of matter.
Solid - ice.
Liquid - water.
Gases - water vapour.
The particular substance in each state are the same but what is different?
Only the arrangement and energy of the particles are different.
In solids what are the forces like?
Strong forces of attraction hold particles close together.
The strong forces in the solid hold particles together in a fixed what?
Regular arrangement.
What are the particles like within a solid?
Don’t have much energy.
They can only vibrate about their fixed positions.
In liquids what are the forces like?
Weaker forces of attraction between the particles.
In liquids how are the particles arranged?
Close together.
Can move past each other.
Form irregular arrangements.
What is the energy like in liquids?
They have more energy than the particles in a solid.
How do the particles move in a liquid?
Random directions at low speeds.
What are the forces like in gases?
Almost no forces of attraction between the particles.
What is the energy like in gases?
Particles have more energy than those in liquids or solids.
How do the particles move in a gas?
Free to move.
Travel in random directions at high speeds.
What happens when you heat a substance?
You give the particles more kinetic energy.
Vibrate/move faster.
The vibration and movement of substances finally can cause what?
Solids to melt.
Liquids to boil.
Conduction of heat mainly occurs where?
Solids.
Define conduction.
Conduction of heat energy is the process where vibrating particles pass on their extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles.
Conduction occurs throughout the solid and passed all the way through the solid until what happens?
Rise in temperature at the other side of the solid.
Increase in heat radiating from its surface.
Where is conduction usually faster and why?
Denser Solids.
Because particles are closer together, so it will collide more often and pass energy between them.
What materials conduct heat energy more slowly?
Materials that have larger spaces between their particles.
Insulators.
Why are metals good conductors?
Because of their free electrons.
At the hot end what happens to electrons?
Move faster and collide with other free electrons, transferring energy.
Electrons can move freely, this is a much faster way of transferring energy, what is the slow method?
Passing it between jostling neighbouring atoms.
Heat energy travels fast where?
Through metals.
