Kinetic Theory and Conduction

Question 1

Kinetic theory describes what?

Answer 1

How particles move in solids, liquids and gases.

Question 2

How does an object have kinetic energy?

Answer 2

The energy an object has because of its movement.

Question 3

kinetic theory can explain what?

Answer 3

3 states of matter.

Question 4

Give an example of the 3 states of matter.

Answer 4

Solid - ice.
Liquid - water.
Gases - water vapour.

Question 5

The particular substance in each state are the same but what is different?

Answer 5

Only the arrangement and energy of the particles are different.

Question 6

In solids what are the forces like?

Answer 6

Strong forces of attraction hold particles close together.

Question 7

The strong forces in the solid hold particles together in a fixed what?

Answer 7

Regular arrangement.

Question 8

What are the particles like within a solid?

Answer 8

Don’t have much energy.

They can only vibrate about their fixed positions.

Question 9

In liquids what are the forces like?

Answer 9

Weaker forces of attraction between the particles.

Question 10

In liquids how are the particles arranged?

Answer 10

Close together.
Can move past each other.
Form irregular arrangements.

Question 11

What is the energy like in liquids?

Answer 11

They have more energy than the particles in a solid.

Question 12

How do the particles move in a liquid?

Answer 12

Random directions at low speeds.

Question 13

What are the forces like in gases?

Answer 13

Almost no forces of attraction between the particles.

Question 14

What is the energy like in gases?

Answer 14

Particles have more energy than those in liquids or solids.

Question 15

How do the particles move in a gas?

Answer 15

Free to move.

Travel in random directions at high speeds.

Question 16

What happens when you heat a substance?

Answer 16

You give the particles more kinetic energy.

Vibrate/move faster.

Question 17

The vibration and movement of substances finally can cause what?

Answer 17

Solids to melt.

Liquids to boil.

Question 18

Conduction of heat mainly occurs where?

Answer 18

Solids.

Question 19

Define conduction.

Answer 19

Conduction of heat energy is the process where vibrating particles pass on their extra kinetic energy to neighbouring particles.

Question 20

Conduction occurs throughout the solid and passed all the way through the solid until what happens?

Answer 20

Rise in temperature at the other side of the solid.

Increase in heat radiating from its surface.

Question 21

Where is conduction usually faster and why?

Answer 21

Denser Solids.

Because particles are closer together, so it will collide more often and pass energy between them.

Question 22

What materials conduct heat energy more slowly?

Answer 22

Materials that have larger spaces between their particles.

Insulators.

Question 23

Why are metals good conductors?

Answer 23

Because of their free electrons.

Question 24

At the hot end what happens to electrons?

Answer 24

Move faster and collide with other free electrons, transferring energy.

Question 25

Electrons can move freely, this is a much faster way of transferring energy, what is the slow method?

Answer 25

Passing it between jostling neighbouring atoms.

Question 26

Heat energy travels fast where?

Answer 26

Through metals.