Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Kidneys > Flashcards

Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nephrons role and what is t made up of

A

Filtration.

Glomerolous, proximinal tubule, descending loop of gentle, ascending loop of henle, distal tubule, collecting duct.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are diuretics and what do they treat

A

Drugs which increase water secreted by the kidneys

Treat oedema, hypertension, glycoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is oedema

A

Excess fluid around the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do diuretics treat hypertension

A

By increasing urine volume produced, decreasing blood volume, which decreases pressure on blood vessels, which decreased blood pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three ways of sodium and water moving

A

Pumps
Channels
Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three pumps on the nephron

A

Sodium potassium pump
Sodium chloride pump
Sodium potassium chloride pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do channels work

A

They open at the membrane and are ion selective. No energy required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does osmosis work

A

Sodium leaves and water follows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the tree classes of diuretics

A

Thiazides
Loop diuretics
Potassium sparing diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do thiazides work

A

Distal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do thiazides treat

A

Oedema
Mild heart failure. Liver and kidney disease. Steroid or hormone problems.
Hypertension that is long term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an example of a thiazide

A

Bendrofluerthazide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an example of a related thiazide

A

Metolazone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do thiazides work

A

They block the chloride pump on the apical membrane.
Increase sodium and chloride excretion and water follows.
Increase potassium excretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nursing points in thiazides

A

Moderate potency
Urine flow increased 1-3ml/min
Work up to 24hr so take in morning
Work within 1-2 HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the side effects of thiazides

A

Hypokalemia
Hypocalcaemia
Hyperurlcemia
Hyperglycaemia

17
Q

Where to loop diuretics take action

A

Ascending loop of henle

18
Q

What do loop diuretics treat

A

Oedema
Severe heart failure
Acute ventricular failure
Hypertension in the short term

19
Q

What is an example of a loop diuretic

A

Furosemide

20
Q

What action do loop diuretics take

A

Block chloride, sodium, poitassium pump
This increased sodium chloride potassium excretion
There is a build up of sodium chloride potassium In the lumen.

21
Q

What are key points about loop diuretics

A

Very powerful
Very potent
Increases grime output 1-8ml/min
Take twice day (before 4 afternoon)

22
Q

What are the side effects of loop diuretics

A 
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcaemia
Hyperglycaemia
Hyperuricemia
Deafness when given high dose
23
Q

Where do potassium paring diuretics work

A

Distal convoluted tubule/ collecting ducts

24
Q

What do potassium sparing diuretics treat

A

Oedema heart failure liver disease
Hypertension
Hypokalemia

Primary hyperaldoesteronism (spironolactone)

25
Q

What are three potassium

Sparing diuretics

A

Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)

Amiloride/ trianeterene (sodium channel blockers)

26
Q

How do potassium sparing diuretics work

A

Increase sodium and water secretion
As well we chloride and calcium
They decrease potassium and hydrogen secretion

27
Q

What are notes to remember about potassium sparing diuretics

A

Weak diuretics
Need close monitoring of electrolyte balance
( when n ace inhibitors, b receptor antagonists)

28
Q

What are he side effects of potassium sparing diuretics

A

Hyperkalemia (need low pot diet)

29
Q

What are anti diuretics

A

Decrease water output

30
Q

Where do antidiuretics work

A

In the collecting tubule

31
Q

What do anti diuretics treat

A

Central diabetes inspidus (lack ADH)

32
Q

What are two anti diuretic drugs

A

Vasopressin (ADH)

Desmopressin

33
Q

How do anti diuretics work

A

Realised in posterior pituitary
Increase water channels via V2 receptors
Increase passive reabsorption of water , increased number of channels which let water in.

34
Q

What are notes to remember about anti diuretics

A 
VASOPRESSIN
short duration action
Increases BP
Injected or infused
DESMOPRESSIN 
Longer duration 
Nasal spray or tablet
Only works on V2 receptors so no effect on BP
35
Q

8 points to remember about diuretics

A 
. Look at patient history
. Administer in the morning
. Check urine output and weight
. Check odema/ congestion 
. Check BP
. Check for hypotension or dizziness
. Diet low in potassium and sodium 
. Monitor serum electrolytes
36
Q

What is the kidneys role within the body

A

To manage salts and fluid within the body

Pharmacology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions