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Pharmacology > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma facts (6)

A 
. Genetic
. 1/6 occupational cause
. 5.4 million people suffer
. 1.1 million children have
. £1 billion year NHS 
. 3 people die daily
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2
Q

What are 5 symptoms of asthma

A 
. Wheezy
. Short breath
. Tight chest
. Worse at night 
. Cough
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3
Q

What are (8) risk factors of asthma

A 
Occupation
Atopic conditions 
Family history of atopsy
Food allergies
Childhood exposure to Tobacco smoke
Animal hair 
Early exposure to microbes 
Having asthma in childhood leading to adulthood
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4
Q

What are (5) triggers of asthma

A 
Allergen exposure 
Exercise/cold air
Emotions
Diet
Drugs (b blockers / Asprin)
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5
Q

What are the (6) aims of asthma therapy

A 
To abolish symptoms 
Maintain optimal lung function
Continue day to day life
Prevent permanent damage 
Prevent death due to acute asthma attack
Avoid unnecessary side effects
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6
Q

What are 4 asthma relievers

A

. Salbutamol
. Salameterol
. Intraopium
. Theophylline

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7
Q

What are (3) asthma prevents

A

. Becalmetasone
. Sodium cromogicate
. Montekulast

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8
Q

How do B2 agonists work asthma

A

Bind to the B2 receptor and prevent the airway from narrowing as the airway relaxes

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9
Q

What are two examples of short acting b2 agonists

A

Salbutamol

Terbutaline

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10
Q

What are two examples of long acting b2 agonists

A

Salameterol

Formonetrol

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11
Q

What are (5) ways of inhaling asthma medication

A 
. MDI (hard to do)
. Spacer (good get to lungs)
. Breath activated (expensive)
. Accuhaler (tells how many doses left)
. Turbohaler (turn for the next dose- dry powder) 
. Nebuliser (goes deep into the lungs)
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12
Q

How do steroid inhalers work

A

Reduce inflammation by reducing mucus secretion, oedema, damage to airway by reducing WBC

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13
Q

What are 5 glucocorrticosteroids used in asthma treatment

A 
Becalmetasone 
Budesonide
Fluticasone
Mometasone
Arclesonide
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14
Q

What are (3) combined inhalers

A

Symbicort - budisonide & formeterol
SMART- symbicort maintenance & reliever therapy
Fluitasone & salmeterol (purple)

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15
Q

What is asthma

A

Airway hypersensitiveness - mucous secreting cels are over active, narrow and blocking airway.
Reversible airflow limitation
Bronchiole inflammation
. Air is stuck in lungs and cannot get out

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16
Q

How do glucocorrticosteroids work

A

Work on DNA by switching off the gene which decreases protein production

17
Q

What are the side effects of taking glucocorrticosteroids

A 
Local immunosuppressive (oral thrush) 
Local effects on the vocal chords (hoarseness)
18
Q

What should be taken within 1 hour of an asthma attack

A

Prednisolone

Taken alongside high dose steroids for around 7 days

19
Q

What is the danger of abruptly stopping asthma treatment

A

Become unable to produce CRH when surprised or in shock as steroids stimulate CRH production

20
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system control in our airways

A 
Widening. 
Adrenaline
B2 agonists
Muscarinic
Steroids
Theophylline 
- mg sulphate
21
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system control

A 
Narrowing.
acetylcholine
Histamine
Cigarette smoke 
B blockers
22
Q

What is an example of an antimuscarinic bronchodilator

A

Ipratropium

23
Q

How do antimuscarinic bronchodilators work

A

Relieve symptoms
Work alongside corticosteroids
Blocks muscarinic receptors which stops bronchospasm

S.e- dry mouth, precipitate glaucoma

24
Q

What are two examples of cromones

A

Nedocromil sodium

Sodium cromoglicate

25
Q

How do cromones work

A

They stop release of mast cells which then stops inflammatory response and stops bronchospasm

Reduces allergen response and bronchospasm a during and after exercise

26
Q

What are two examples of leukrotine receptor antagonists

A

Monkukast

Zafirlukst

27
Q

How do leukotriene receptor antagonists work

A

Leukrotines cause bronchoconstriction and relase inflammatory cells which increase airway secretion
These antagonists relax the airway and prevent constriction

28
Q

How does theophylline work

A

Given orally or as an IV
Alongside b agonists or steroids
Blocks PDE enzyme in airways
Anti-inflammatory effects

can cause convulsions, HA, palpitations, increased HR

29
Q

How does omalzumab work

A 
Given subcutaneously 2-4 wk 
Antibody
Rescue allergen induced reactions 
Adults with severe asthma not controlled b or cocosteroids
Stops IgE and mast cells granulating

Se- bruising pain anaphylaxis.

30
Q

What do you do if someone has an acute asthma attack

A 
Bronchiodilators via nebuliser
Corticosteroids oral or IV
Oxygen therapy 
Aminophlline injection 
mg sulphate via IV

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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