Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of drugs to treat cancer

A

. Cytotoxic
. Hormones
. Protein kinase inhibitors
. Monoclonal antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four sub categorical types of cytotoxic treatment

A

. Alkylating agents
. Plant derivatives
. Antimetabodies
. Cytotoxic antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four types of alkylating agents?

A

. Nitrosources
. Platinum compounds
. Nitrogen mustards
. Other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three types of antimetabodies?

A

. Methotrexate
. Pyrimaine analogues
. Burine analogues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 6 types of chemo hormone therapies

A 
. Oestrogen
. Progesterone
. Glucocorticoids
. Gnrh 
. Somastosain analogues 
. Hormone antagonists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What drug is used to control nausea and vomiting due to cancer treatment

A

. Ondansotron & granisetron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What drug is used to control anxiety in cancer patients

A

. Lorazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is used to treat mylosuppression in cancer patients

A

. Stem cell translplant

. Autologous, allogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What acts on the S phase of cells, and forms covalent bonds when DNA strands separate, prohibiting replication

A

. Alkylating agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the side effects of alkylating agents

A

. Sterilisation (men)

. Increase chances non-lymph lukiema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are 3 examples of nitrogen mustards (ine)

A

. Mechlorethamine
. Cylophophamine
. Estramustine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the nitrogen mustard cylophophamine

A

. Pro drug which is taken oral and then acts in the liver, to phosphurmae muscle acrotein, to haem cyst.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do nitrosourceas work

A

. Highly lipophilic so cross the bbb to the cns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What nitrosourceas is taken orally

A

Lomustine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nitrosourceas is administered via IV

A

Carmustine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do platinum compounds work

A

Bind to DNA and RNA. Are a potent alkylator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 platinum compounds

A

. Cisplanin
. Carbofanin
. Oxliplatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When is oxaliplatin used to treat cancer

A

Colon cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why would you use carbofanin instead of cisplanin to treat cancer

A

Less side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What cancer treatment is highly neurotoxic and causes nausea and vomiting

A

. Cisplanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What alkylating agent is used to treat cancer of the bone marrow and leukaemia

A

Buisofan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which alkylating agent is used to treat hodgekins lymphoma

A

. Procarbonzine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What alkylating agent is hepatoxic

A

Trabectaclin

24
Q

What mechanism of action do antimetabodies take

A

They are folate antagonists which prevent cell mitosis

25
Q

How does methotrexate work

A

It prevents dinydroforide reductase

26
Q

What are the down falls of methotrexate

A

. It acts on the kidneys so can’t be used in people with kidney failure
. People can gain tolerance
. It causes immuno suppression
. It has low lipid solubility

27
Q

How is methotrexate administered

A

. Oral, IV or IM

28
Q

What kind of cancer drug competes with C&T bases that make up DNA & RNA, stopping DNA synthesis

A

Pyrimaine analogues

29
Q

What are three pyrimaine analogues

A

. Flurouracil
. Capedtiatine (palliative and colon)
. Cytarabine

30
Q

What cancer drug competes with AIG and stops Putine being metabolised

A

Burine analogues

31
Q

Name a burine analogue

A

Mefcaptopurine

32
Q

What cancer drugs stop tropisomerase ||s action

A

. Cytotoxic antibodies

33
Q

Which cytotoxic antibody binds to DNA to stop synthesis

A

Doxorobian

34
Q

Which cytotoxic antibody stops pre formed DNA against gO cells

A

Bleomicin

35
Q

How do plant derivates work

A

. Stop polymerisation of tubin, stopping spindle formation

36
Q

Name 3 plant derivatives

A

. Vinctristine
. Vinblastine
. Vindesine

37
Q

What plant derivatives are used to treat advanced breast or ovarian cancer

A

Paclifaxel

38
Q

How do protein kinase inhibitors work

A

. Stop tyrosine kinase, which is involved in the signalling pathways

39
Q

What are the down falls of protein kinase inhibitors

A

. They are cytotoxic
. Can build up resistance
. Give a high dose for 2-3 week at a time then allow 6 months as bone marrow is damaged

40
Q

What is used to treat citromic myleinoid leukaemia

A

Protein kinase inhibitors

41
Q

Name two protein kinase inhibitors

A

. Imatinib

. Dasatrib

42
Q

How do monoclonal antibodies work

A

. Immunotherapy

. React to specific targets to activate immune system, resulting in lysis of cancer cells

43
Q

What is one strength and weakness of monoclonal antibodies

A

😊 less side effects

😔 expensive and need combining

44
Q

What monoclonal antibody works by binding to CD2O lymphoma cells

A

Ritaximab

- causes low bp fever and chills

45
Q

What monoclonal antibody works by binding HER and inducing an immune response to stop cell cycle

A

. transtuzumab

. Causes tremor, low bp, palp

46
Q

What monoclonal antibody is used to treat chronic leukaemia or lymphoma

A

. Ofotumab

47
Q

What monoclonal antibody is used to treat colorectal cancer and is administered IV

A

. Bevaclzumab

48
Q

How do hormones work to treat cancer

A

. Stop r antagonists, and stop hormone actions or endogenous hormones.

49
Q

How do oestrogens work in cancer treatment

A

. Antagonist to androgen dependant prostate cancer

50
Q

What are the side effects of oestrogen treatments

A

. N&v
. Thrombosis
. Fluid retention

51
Q

What is an example of an oestrogen hormone cancer treatment

A

Ethinyoestradiol

52
Q

What are two exposes of progesterone hormone cancer treatments

A

. Notetgisterine

. Megesterol

53
Q

Name two GnRH analogues

A

. Goseratin

. Tiptorelin

54
Q

Name 5 hormone antagonists

A 
. Tamoxifen
. Flurestiant (stop oestrogen Rs)
. Leturzo (breast) 
. Cyproterone (prostate)
.exemasine
55
Q

What are the glucocorticoids prednisolone and beclametasone used for in cancer treatment

A

. Managing symptoms
. Alongside cytotoxic
. Stop lymphoma proliferation

Pharmacology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions