Kidneys Flashcards

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1
Q

How body looses water

A

. Lungs when we exhale
. Sweating
- also contains ions and urea
- part of temp control system
. Kidneys in urine

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2
Q

How body deals with excess amino acids

A
  • liver breaks down excess amino acids + produce ammonia
  • liver converts ammonia to urea
  • excreted by kidneys
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3
Q

Describe how urea leaves body

A
  • blood enters kidney in artery
  • blood contains urea
  • kidney revives urea + excess ions
  • leave kidney as urine + stored in bladder
  • blood leaves in vein
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4
Q

Adh

A

Increases permeability of collecting ducts
= more water reabsorbed into blood
= less water means less urine

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5
Q

Where is ADH produced

A

Pituitary gland
= stops you excreting water by causing the collecting duct to be more permeable
= more water is reabsorbed

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6
Q

Describe a nephron

A

Tiny tubes inside a kidney

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7
Q

Describe kidney stones

A
  • high salt and minerals in diet can lead to stones
    = very painful
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8
Q

Describe renal damage

A
  • kidney no longer able to filter blood
  • plasma not properly reabsorbed
  • proteins and cells pass through bowman’s capsule
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9
Q

Adv of dialysis

A
  • cheaper
  • can do at home
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10
Q

Why does urine contain mineral ions and urea but not glucose or protein

A
  • proteins aren’t filtered
  • glucose is filtered and reabsorbed
  • ions are filtered and some reabsorbed
  • some urea is reabsorbed
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11
Q

How is urea made

A

Made in liver during process of deamination
= excess amino acids converted to fats and carbs for storage

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12
Q

Functions of kidney

A

Filter blood
Remove waste like urea
Regulate useful things like water and ions

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13
Q

What happens if water too low

A

Hypothalamus detects water conc in bloodstream
Sends signal to pituitary glands
Releases hormone ADH
Tells tubules in kidney to reabsorb more water
= less urine

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14
Q

What happens if water levels too high

A

Hypothalamus detects water conc in bloodstream
Stops sending signals to pituitary gland
Won’t release as much ADH
Tubules absorb less water
More urine

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15
Q

Describe dialysis

A

Patients blood passes over semi permeable membrane
= allow ions, urea and water through
= won’t allow larger molecules like proteins through
Other side of membrane has dialysis fluid
= contains normal conc of water and ions but no urea
Urea diffuses from blood into dialysis fluid
Dialysis fluid constantly refreshed
= ensures large conc gradient for urea

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16
Q

Dis of dialysis

A

Visit hospital every week
Eat controlled diet
= won’t produce too much urea

17
Q

Compare kidney transplant and dialysis

A

Dialysis
- no shortage of dialysis machines
- controlled diet
- expensive and needs long term treatment

Kidney transplant
- shortage of kidney donors
- allow patient to have normal life
- only expensive initially
- patients must take anti rejection drugs for rest of their life

18
Q

Why do blood levels increase

A

Glucagon made in pancreas causes glycogen to be converted into glucose
Glucose released into blood