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Clinical Pathology > Kidney and Urinary Tract Disease - Test of Renal Function > Flashcards

Kidney and Urinary Tract Disease - Test of Renal Function Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney function

A

Excretion (uric acid), regulation (homeostasis, water, acid base), endocrine (renin, erythropoietin)

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2
Q

Kidney function

A

Excretion (uric acid), regulation (homeostasis, water, acid base), endocrine (renin, erythropoietin)

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3
Q

Urine volume

A

750-2000ml/24hr

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4
Q

Oliguria

A
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5
Q

Anuria

A
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6
Q

Polyuria

A

> 3000

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7
Q

Plasma urea

A

Quick, simple measurement, 3-8mmol/L (sensitive)

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8
Q

Urea excretion

A

Filtered at glomerulus, 40% reabsorbed, if slow tubular flow more reabsorbed (renal hypo perfusion)

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9
Q

Causes of increased plasma urea

A

GI bleed, trauma, renal hypo perfusion (decreased RBF, ECFV), acute renal impairment, chronic renal disease, post-renal obstruction calculus tumour

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10
Q

Urea

A

Useful, must be interpreted with great care, always consider input, out and patient’s fluid volume

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11
Q

Plasma creatinine

A

50-140umol/L, increases in conc as GFR decreases (NOT proportional to renal damage)

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12
Q

Creatine clearance

A

Ucreat X V/Pcreat

[RR 100-130 mL/min]
incomplete collection/unreliable

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13
Q

Tubular secretion of creatine

A

Increased in chronic renal disease and decreased by drugs (salicylate, cimetidine)

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14
Q

Pre-renal oliguria

A

GFR reduced, ADH increased, renal hypo perfusion causes renin secretion (increase Na reabsorption)

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15
Q

Low renal perfusion caused by

A

Dehydration, haemorrhage, renal artery damage, hypotension

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16
Q

Renal oliguria

A

GFR reduced/normal, weak urine/low volume, renal renin secretion may be raised (hypertension, unable reabsorb Na)

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17
Q

Intrinsic damage causing renal oliguria

A

Tubular necorsis, chronic infection, immunological damage (SLE), toxic damage (drugs, heavy metals Hg, Ur, poisons)

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18
Q

Lab tests of renal function

A 
plasma creatinine
plasma urea
plasma sodium
urine volume
urine sodium
urine urea
creatinine clearance
urine dispsticks
19
Q

Problem with GFR

A

Impractical

20
Q

Problem with CC

A

Unreliable

21
Q

Problem with plasma creatine

A

Specific, but insensitive

22
Q

Problem with plasma urea

A

Subject to problems

23
Q

Problem with urine vol

A

Often forgotten

24
Q

Urine volume

A

750-2000ml/24hr

25
Q

Oliguria

26
Q

Anuria

27
Q

Polyuria

28
Q

Plasma urea

A

Quick, simple measurement, 3-8mmol/L (sensitive)

29
Q

Urea excretion

A

Filtered at glomerulus, 40% reabsorbed, if slow tubular flow more reabsorbed (renal hypo perfusion)

30
Q

Causes of increased plasma urea

A

GI bleed, trauma, renal hypo perfusion (decreased RBF, ECFV), acute renal impairment, chronic renal disease, post-renal obstruction calculus tumour

31
Q

Urea

A

Useful, must be interpreted with great care, always consider input, out and patient’s fluid volume

32
Q

Plasma creatinine

A

50-140umol/L, increases in conc as GFR decreases (NOT proportional to renal damage)

33
Q

Creatine clearance

A

Ucreat X V/Pcreat

[RR 100-130 mL/min]
incomplete collection/unreliable

34
Q

Tubular secretion of creatine

A

Increased in chronic renal disease and decreased by drugs (salicylate, cimetidine)

35
Q

Pre-renal oliguria

A

GFR reduced, ADH increased, renal hypo perfusion causes renin secretion (increase Na reabsorption)

36
Q

Low renal perfusion caused by

A

Dehydration, haemorrhage, renal artery damage, hypotension

37
Q

Renal oliguria

A

GFR reduced/normal, weak urine/low volume, renal renin secretion may be raised (hypertension, unable reabsorb Na)

38
Q

Intrinsic damage causing renal oliguria

A

Tubular necorsis, chronic infection, immunological damage (SLE), toxic damage (drugs, heavy metals Hg, Ur, poisons)

39
Q

Lab tests of renal function

A 
plasma creatinine
plasma urea
plasma sodium
urine volume
urine sodium
urine urea
creatinine clearance
urine dispsticks
40
Q

Problem with GFR

A

Impractical

41
Q

Problem with CC

A

Unreliable

42
Q

Problem with plasma creatine

A

Specific, but insensitive

43
Q

Problem with plasma urea

A

Subject to problems

44
Q

Problem with urine vol

A

Often forgotten

Clinical Pathology (60 decks)

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