Diseases of GI Tract - Pathology (21 & 22)

Question 1

Oesphagus

Answer 1

• Gastro-oesophageal reflux
• Barrett’s oesophagus
• Oesophageal carcinoma

Question 2

Stomach

Answer 2

• Chronic gastritis
• Peptic ulceration
• Gastric carcinoma

Question 3

Small bowel

Answer 3

Coeliac disease

Question 4

How long is the oesophagus?

Answer 4

25cm, long muscular tube

Question 5

What epithelium lines the oesophagus?

Answer 5

Stratified squamous epithelium, except distal 2cm below diaphragm - glandular columnar mucosa

Question 6

What is oesphagitis?

Answer 6

Inflammation of oesophagus, chronic/acute

Question 7

What causes oesphagitis?

Answer 7

Bacterial, viral (HSV1/CMV), fungal (candida-rare), ingestion of corrosive substance, reflux of gastric contents

Question 8

What is cause of reflux oesphagitis?

Answer 8

Defective sphincter, hiatus hernia, increase intra-abdominal pressure, increase gastric fluid volume due to gastric outflow stenosis

Question 9

Main symptom of reflux oesphagitis?

Answer 9

Heartburn

Question 10

Hiatus hernia

Answer 10

Abnormal bulging of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm

Question 11

Sliding hiatus hernia

Answer 11

Reflux symptoms

Question 12

Para-oesophageal hiatus hernia

Answer 12

Strangulation