Endocrine System and Disease - Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphate Homeostasis (50) Flashcards
Calciums charge
Divalent cation Ca2+
Why is calcium physiologically important?
Muscle contraction, neuronal excitation, enzyme activity (Na/K ATPase, hexokinase), blood clotting
Why is calcium structurally important?
Key component of hydroxyapaptitde Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
Phosphates charge
Monovalent anion PO4-
Why is phosphate physiologically important?
ATP, intracellular signalling, cellular metabolic process e.g. glycolysis
Why is phosphate structurally important?
Backbone of DNA, component of hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, membrane phospholipids
Is prophate predominately intracellular or extracellular?
Intracellular
Magnesium charges
Divalent cation Mg2+
Why is magnesium physiologically important?
Cofactor for ATP, neuromuscular excitability, enzymatic function, regulates ion channels
Why is magnesium structurally important?
0.5-1% bone matrix
Is magnesium predominately intracellular or extracellular?
Intracellular
K+ EDTA contamination
Low Calcium, alkaline phosphate, high potassium
Homeostasis 4 key issues that could arise
- Intake
- Storage
- Excretion/loss
- Tissue redistribution
Calcium normal range
2.20-2.60 mmol/L
What are the two key controlling factors for calcium?
- PTH
2. Vit D and metabolites
