Investigating the endocrine system

Question 1

How do hormones work?

Answer 1

Chemicals secreted by endocrine glands, circulate and influence other tissues, only influence cells that have specific target receptors

Question 2

Pituitary gland

Answer 2

Regulates cortisol (ACTH, GH), reproductive function (FSH, LH) and TSH

Question 3

Feedback regulation

Answer 3

Hypothalamus > anterior pituitary > endocrine organ

Question 4

FSH stimulate

Answer 4

Sertoli cells, seminiferous tubules, maturation of sperm (inhibin)

Question 5

LH stimulates

Answer 5

Leydig cells (testosterone)

Question 6

Low TSH, low thyroxine

Answer 6

Pituitary failure

Question 7

High TSH, low thyroxine

Answer 7

Unresponsive thyroid

Question 8

Low TSH, high thyroxine

Answer 8

Thyroid gland overproduction

Question 9

Low TSH, high thyroxine

Answer 9

Pituitary gland overproduction/feedback fails

Question 10

Cortisol

Answer 10

Produced by adrenocortex (outside of adrenal gland)

Question 11

Cushing’s

Answer 11

Obesity (moon face, central, shoulders), thin skin, purple striae, bruising, hypertension, glucose intolerance, menstrual disturbances/impotence, thin limbs, muscle weakness, back pain (osteoporosis), psychiatric disturbances (depression, psychoses)

Question 12

Adrenal failure (ACTH)

Answer 12

(Adrenal atrophy/destruction) Tiredness, weight loss, pigmentation, hypoglycaemia, abdominal pain, hypovolaemic collapse

Question 13

What to take a blood sample?

Answer 13

• Hormones change daily/monthly

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