Key terms part 2

Question 1

spherical structure of a prokaryote

Answer 1

cocci

Question 2

rodlike structure of a prokaryote

Answer 2

bacilli

Question 3

spiral structure of a prokaryote

Answer 3

sprillia

Question 4

a non-membrane enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where its chromosome is located

Answer 4

nucleoid

Question 5

small extrachromosomal circles of DNA

Answer 5

plasmids

Question 6

a type of polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides

Answer 6

peptidoglycan

Question 7

have a purple appearance and have a single membrane surrounded by a thick layer of peptidoglycan

Answer 7

gram-positive

Question 8

appear pink have an inner membrane and a thin layer of peptidoglycan

Answer 8

gram-negative

Question 9

membrane that consist of gram-negative cells that contain lipopolysaccharides (LPS) unique to GNB

Answer 9

Outer Membrane

Question 10

avirulence effect which protects cells from the detergent effects of digestive bile

Answer 10

lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

Question 11

slime attached to cells

Answer 11

capsule

Question 12

protects bacteria from desiccation,m antibiotics, viruses, antibodies, and enzymes

Answer 12

slime coat

Question 13

in bacteria, a structure that links one cell to another at the start of conjugation

Answer 13

Pilli

Question 14

long cellular appendages specialized for locomotion.

Answer 14

flagella

Question 15

a organism that can make its own food

Answer 15

autotroph

Question 16

an organism that cannot make its own food and feed off of other organisms.

Answer 16

heterotroph

Question 17

organism that obtains energy through chemosynthesis

Answer 17

chemotrophs

Question 18

organism that obtains energy through photosynthesis

Answer 18

phototroph

Question 19

an organism that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances and needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source

Answer 19

chemoautotroph

Question 20

an organism that requires organic molecules for both energy and carbon

Answer 20

chemoheterotroph

Question 21

an organism that harnesses light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide

Answer 21

photoautotroph

Question 22

an organism that uses light to generate ATP but must obtain carbon in organic form

Answer 22

photoheterotroph

Question 23

requires oxygen for cellular respiration

Answer 23

aerobes

Question 24

do not require oxygen to live

Answer 24

anaerobes

Question 25

an organism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration and cannot live without it

Answer 25

obligated aerobes

Question 26

an organism that carries out fermentation or a type of respiration in which inorganic molecules are the final receptor

Answer 26

obligated anaerobes

Question 26

two-step conversion by nitrifying bacteria

Answer 26

nitrification

Question 26

developed in some bacteria when environmental are unfavorable

Answer 26

Endospore

Question 26

conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3)

Answer 26

Nitrogen Fixation

Question 27

a formation of a complex aggregation of microorganisms in bacteria

Answer 27

Biofilms

Question 27

plato’s ideal form

Answer 27

eidos

Question 28

the logic that things are perfect and unchanging

Answer 28

typology

Question 29

static=unchanging

Answer 29

immutable

Question 30

posited an ordered, hierarchical universe in which every creature, especially humans, was placed in a particular rank by god

Answer 30

great chain of being

Question 31

an organism of the distant past that bridges a gap between related organisms that populate earth today

Answer 31

missing link

Question 32

are a type of animal similar to humans (gorillas, orangutans, and chimps)

Answer 32

great ape

Question 33

ape with a tail and different from humans

Answer 33

lesser ape

Question 34

the way of naming species

Answer 34

binomial nomenclature

Question 35

the environment produced needs for change and is Lamark’s mechanism

Answer 35

inheritance of acquired charcteristics

Question 36

preserved fixity of species cuvier ideology

Answer 36

catastrophism

Question 37

same forces we see today have shaped the geological features in the past and present

Answer 37

uniformitianism