Key terms part 2 Flashcards
spherical structure of a prokaryote
cocci
rodlike structure of a prokaryote
bacilli
spiral structure of a prokaryote
sprillia
a non-membrane enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where its chromosome is located
nucleoid
small extrachromosomal circles of DNA
plasmids
a type of polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides
peptidoglycan
have a purple appearance and have a single membrane surrounded by a thick layer of peptidoglycan
gram-positive
appear pink have an inner membrane and a thin layer of peptidoglycan
gram-negative
membrane that consist of gram-negative cells that contain lipopolysaccharides (LPS) unique to GNB
Outer Membrane
avirulence effect which protects cells from the detergent effects of digestive bile
lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
slime attached to cells
capsule
protects bacteria from desiccation,m antibiotics, viruses, antibodies, and enzymes
slime coat
in bacteria, a structure that links one cell to another at the start of conjugation
Pilli
long cellular appendages specialized for locomotion.
flagella
a organism that can make its own food
autotroph
an organism that cannot make its own food and feed off of other organisms.
heterotroph
organism that obtains energy through chemosynthesis
chemotrophs
organism that obtains energy through photosynthesis
phototroph
an organism that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances and needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source
chemoautotroph
an organism that requires organic molecules for both energy and carbon
chemoheterotroph
an organism that harnesses light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide
photoautotroph
an organism that uses light to generate ATP but must obtain carbon in organic form
photoheterotroph
requires oxygen for cellular respiration
aerobes
do not require oxygen to live
anaerobes
an organism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration and cannot live without it
obligated aerobes
an organism that carries out fermentation or a type of respiration in which inorganic molecules are the final receptor
obligated anaerobes
two-step conversion by nitrifying bacteria
nitrification
developed in some bacteria when environmental are unfavorable
Endospore
conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3)
Nitrogen Fixation
a formation of a complex aggregation of microorganisms in bacteria
Biofilms
plato’s ideal form
eidos
the logic that things are perfect and unchanging
typology
static=unchanging
immutable
posited an ordered, hierarchical universe in which every creature, especially humans, was placed in a particular rank by god
great chain of being
an organism of the distant past that bridges a gap between related organisms that populate earth today
missing link
are a type of animal similar to humans (gorillas, orangutans, and chimps)
great ape
ape with a tail and different from humans
lesser ape
the way of naming species
binomial nomenclature
the environment produced needs for change and is Lamark’s mechanism
inheritance of acquired charcteristics
preserved fixity of species cuvier ideology
catastrophism
same forces we see today have shaped the geological features in the past and present
uniformitianism
