Key Terms Flashcards
process of change
Evolution
smallest unit of organization able to perform all activities required for life
Cell
double strand of chromosomes that make up genetic material.
DNA
Single strand of chromosomes that make up genetic material.
RNA
things that make up chemical energy and produce food molecules and is passed along from plants and other photosynthetic organisms
producers
an organism that feeds on other organisms
consumer
things that break down waste products (trash)
decomposers
successful characteristics more common in later generations
adaptions
the similarity among species because of ancestry
homology
something similar because of their function
analogy
the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species
phylogeny
roots of things that can reproduce offspring
species
a taxonomical category above the specie’s level, designated by the first of a species’ two-part name (ex. homo)
genus
a common term for the two-part Latinized format for naming a species; this includes the genus and specific epithet.
binomial nomenclature
Created taxonomy
Linnaeus
forms a barrier to the outside
plasma membrane
the largest structure in the cell and contains DNA
nucleus
cellular contents between the plasma membrane and nucleus
cytoplasm
any of several membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells
organelle
intracellular fluid; viscous fluid of cytoplasm that contains dissolved macromolecules and ions
cytosol
the currently accepted model of cell membrane structure, which envisions the membrane as a mosaic of protein molecules drifting laterally in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids
fluid mosaic model
distribution of identical body parts or shapes
asymmetrical
movement of particles down a gradient and doesn’t require energy
passive transport
movement of particles against a gradient and requires energy
active transport
molecules and ions in a solution that are in a constant state of motion
diffusion
a region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases
concentration gradient
a property of biological membranes that allows them to regulate the passage of substances across them
selectively permeable
where impermeable substances must pass via alternate meaning many large and or polar molecules needed for metabolism cannot pass through the lipid bilayer
facilitated diffusion
net diffusion of H2O across a selectively permeable membrane
osmosis
hypotonic
lower concentrations of solute molecules
the force directed against a plant cell wall after the influx of water and swelling of the cell due to osmosis.
turgor pressure
higher concentrations of solute molecules
hypertonic
osmotic pressure in plants
plasmolysis
refer to a solution that when surrounding a cell, cause no net movement of water in or out of a cell
isotonic
Hydrolysis (breakdown) ATP directly required for carrier function
primary active transport
need the use of energy sources from primary transport pumps
secondary active transport
the difference in electrical charge across a cell’s plasma membrane due to the differential distribution of ions.
membrane potential
the diffusion gradient of an ion which is affected by both the concentration difference of an ion across a membrane and the ion’s tendency to move relative to the membrane potential
electrochemical gradient
substance moves in the same direction as the concentration gradient used as an energy source
symport
the substance moves in the opposite direction to the concentration gradient used as an energy source
antiport
